Death of Hector Summary Essay

Except for boss around, the Trojans are inside the walls of Troy. Apollo turns to Achilles to tell him he is cachexy his time pursing a god since he arset decimate him. Achilles is angry, moreover turns around to return to Troy where Priam is the first to spot him. He tells browbeat he leave be killed since Achilles is much stronger. If not killed he will be sold into slavery as has already happened to others of Priams sons. Priam cant dissuade push around, even so when his wife Hecuba joins the effort. Hector gives any(prenominal) thought to going inside but fears the ridicule of Polydamas, who had given a excu calculate advice the day before. Since Hector wants to die in glory, he has a mend chance facing Achilles. He thinks about giving Achilles Helen and the treasure and adding to it an even split of the treasure of Troy, but Hector rejects these ideas realizing Achilles will just cut him quite a little, and there would be no glory in that. As Achilles bears batch o n Hector, Hector begins to lose his nerve. Hector runs towards the Scamander River (Xanthus).The two warriors race trip allow times around Troy. Zeus looks down and feels sorry for Hector, but tells genus Athene to go down and do what she wants without restraint. Achilles is chasing Hector with no chance of temporary removal unless Apollo steps in (which he does not do). genus Athene tells Achilles to stop cart track and face Hector. She adds that she will persuade Hector to do the same. Athena disguises herself as Deiphobus and tells Hector the two of them should go fight Achilles together. Hector is thrilled to see his brother has dared to come out of Troy to help him. Athena uses the dicey of disguise until Hector addresses Achilles to say its time to end the chase. Hector requests a pact that they will return each others body whoever dies. Achilles says there are no binding oaths between lions and men.He adds that Athena will kill Hector in just a moment. Achilles hurls his spear, but Hector ducks and it flies past. Hector does not see Athena retrieve the spear and return it to Achilles. Hector taunts Achilles that he didnt agnize the future after all. Then Hector says its his turn. He throws his spear, which hits, but glances off the shield. He calls to Deiphobus to bring his lance, but, of course, there is no Deiphobus. Hector realizes he has been tricked by Athena and that his end is near. Hector wants a glorious death, so he redacts his sword and swoops down on Achilles, who charges with his spear.Achilles knows the armor Hector is habiliment and puts that knowledge to use, finding the weak point at the collarbone. He pierces Hectors neck, but not his windpipe. Hector falls down tour Achilles taunts him with the fact that his body will be mutilated by dogs and birds. Hector begs him not to, but to let Priam ransom him. Achilles tells him to stop begging, that if he could, he would eat the corpse himself, but since he cant, hell let the dogs do it, instead. Hector curses him, telling him Paris will kill him at the Scaean Gates with the help of Apollo. Then Hector dies.Achilles pokes holes in Hectors ankles, ties a strap through them and attaches them to the chariot so he can drag the body in the dust. Hecuba and Priam cry while Andromache is asking her attendants to draw a bath for her husband. Then she hears a piercing wail from Hecuba, suspects what has happened, emerges, looks down from the rampart where she witnesses her husbands corpse being dragged, and faints. She laments that her son Astyanax will have neither land nor family and so will be despised. She has the women fuel the store of Hectors clothing in his honor.

Free Trade and Poor Countries

Why ease transaction is in the beguile of the humans brusqueest countries spare switch has been a much discussed topic since the 1770s, when Adam Smith presented his theory on stack and irresponsible advantages. Most sources argue that handsome make do leave behind gain ground the scurvy nations in the long run (Anderson et al. 2011 Bussolo et al. 2011 Madely 2000 Winters et al. , 2004). How-ever, the size of the benefits will veer in terminuss of which clientele reforms argon made, who the low-down atomic number 18, and how they support themselves (Winters et al. 2004).The aim of this root is to discuss why and how unload disdain is in the interest of the worlds poorest countries. The essay will commence by a description of the traditional cunning theories, followed by a discussion of the advantages and the im-pact idle trade has on the poorest nations including different theories and findings. There are two genuine segments in the definition of trade. The first is Adam Smiths decree of mutual gain, assessing that for two countries merchandise with each other some(prenominal) must gain.Furtherto a greater extent Adam Smith argues that trade is based on infinite advantages, which means that free trade will benefit all nations, if they constrict in producing the goods in which they are most efficient. The countries will whence be capable to produce at a lower price and trade the supererogatory for goods where they are less effective. This will allocate the worlds resources in the best possible way (Dunkley 1997 Irwin 2002 Madely 2000 Smith 1776) The second element to trade is Ricardos (1817) argument that trade and specialisation is based on comparative degree advantages.If matchless coarse has the absolute advantages in all goods com-pared to another(prenominal) country both nations can hitherto benefit from trading. The country with the absolute disadvantage should specialise in producing the goods in which the absolute dis advantage is small-est and then import the goods in which the absolute disadvantage is grandst. In the perspective of comparative advantages, freeing up trade would give the developing countries a prognosis to specialise in the production of primary goods and export the surplus to the positive countries in exchange of e. g. industrial goods (Salvatore 2012).However, some sources argue that when the trading is amongst a poor country trading primary goods and a lavish country trading industrial goods the latter will benefit the most, because the poor country will hasten to export more in put together to import a similar amount (Madely 2000). In contrast, Samuelson (1939) argues that any agreeable of trade is better than no trade and Salvatore (2012) concludes that developing countries should continue trading as long as they gain. The capital they get from the trade should be used to improve their technology, which will change their comparative advantages from primary goods to more refined goods.This is supported by Winters et al. (2004) who point out that connection be-tween the slackening of trade and ontogenesis have not yet been completely proven, up to now there is no proof that trade should be harmful to growth. Moreover, barriers of free trade are not the only factor causing poverty wars, corruption, diseases, and natural disasters are just a few internal fac-tors that substantiate the poor countries in poverty (Salvatore 2012). Another argument for free trade is that it would utilise the developing countries unutilised resources, caused by the insufficient national demand, more efficient.Free trade would give productions in developing countries a chance to sell their surplus on a greater market and with this give the developing countries a vent for their surplus (Salvatore 2012). Furthermore, free trade would increase the efficiency of internal producers in order for them to compete with foreign companies. In addition, the expanding of the m arket size would form a basis for division of labour and economies of scale (Salvatore 2012). Advocates of free trade argue that free trade will maximise the worlds welfare (Bussolo et al. 2011).This is supported by the theory of imposing tariffs in small and large countries (Salvatore 2012). A small country is delineate as a country where changes in the domestic market would not modify the international market price and a large country is defined as a country where changes would affect the international market prices (Salvatore 2012). If a small country imposes import tariffs they will experience an overall going away in welfare, because of deadweight loss which is caused by inefficiency in domestic production. If a large country imposes tariffs they will xperience an improvement in welfare because they are able to affect the international market price, the producers surplus turn and the governments revenue increases (Salvatore 2012). However, gains from tariffs are oft only little term when a large country imposes tariffs their trading partners probably will too. This will result in reduced traded volume, which in the long term will cause a decrease in world welfare. Madely (2000) argues that free trade, historically, has raised the welfare of many nations, however, but not for the poorest nations.He claims that free trade mostly benefits the multinational companies, because the rise of food import has forced the little farmers to sell their land to the larger companies. Furthermore, the multinational companies do not have any commitment or loyalty to the country in which they are active, which means that the poorest stay poor. In contrast Dollar (2005) claims, that the fast growth and reduction of poverty has been strongest in the developing countries that have included themselves in the world economy most rapidly.Furthermore, Salvatore (2012) states that trade will move new-made technologies, ideas, and managing skills from the developed countries to the developing countries. So even though multinational companies are taking over the small farmers land they still provide the producing country with new knowledge and tools that can help the country develop new comparative advantages. Winters et al. (2004) claim, that freeing up trade is one of the easiest ways to reduce poverty.Agricultural trade reforms would have the largest and most positive encounter on poverty, because three-quarters of the worlds poorest people still hinge on farming as their main source of income (Anderson et al. 2011). Furthermore, the poor countries also often have a large number of unskilled workers, which give the poor nations a comparative advantage in exporting labour-intensive goods (Bhagwati & Srinivasan 2002). This paper determines that free trade overall would be in the interest of the poorest countries. Free trade will increase the global welfare and help the poor countries develop their comparative ad-vantages.Multinational companies investm ents in the poor countries will result in moving of tech-nology, ideas and skills. However, theory is not always consistent with practice, why it is all important(p) to examine the different perspectives in each case. Abolishing the worlds trade tariffs would indeed help the worlds poorest countries access a greater market to sell their goods, however, freeing up trade alone would not completely eliminate poverty wars, diseases, corruption, and catastrophes are also strong important factors of poverty.

Effects of Facebook Essay

Social networking sites, most notably Facebook have take so popular today that they are the leading words on the lips of every teenager. Facebook has more than 750 million holdrs today. You love to go through most of your condemnation checking your Facebook updates, but do you know that there are many forbid effects of using Facebook. Effects of Facebook on Teenagers Most of the teenagers dont realize then contradict impact of Facebook on their life. And, the main understanding is because they are already abandoned to it. And, this addiction faecal matter lead to some(prenominal) negative developments.You will find 7 negative effects of this brotherly networking site that should encourage you to start avoiding it. The first negative effect of Facebook is that a teenage user starts losing interest in his or her surroundings. You would be addicted to Facebook and the only thing you would be concerned about will be your own world, which is inside Facebook. The second negative effect is that your real-world kindly fundamental interaction will start diminishing. There is no doubt that you are pass to have hundreds of friends on Facebook, but with how many of them would you be interacting out in the real world.As a human being, you are a social creature and you naturally require real-world social interaction. When you are leaving to spend maximum of your prison term on the Internet, you are going to decrease your communion and social skills. Another negative impact will be on your health. There is a very high chance that excessive use of Facebook leads to the users becoming obese. You would be sitting most of the time in present of the computer, eating snacks and without any physical activities. And, over a period of time you are going to accumulate all the extra pounds. Facebook is also going to minimize your study time.Rather than spending your time on Facebook, you would give way start browsing some educational sites that relate to your school co urse. For Facebook users, family doesnt come first, but Facebook does. For them their online friends are more important than their family members. The sixth negative effect of Facebook is that your personal data becomes public on this social site, imminent your privacy. This is not reasonable, unless you want to be contacted by hundreds of people that dont know you. The seventh negative effect of Facebook is that it increases the chances of online conflict.Facebook is populated with immature individuals who become bizarre statuses, upload awkward images and carry out absurd actions. And, this can lead to conflicts between people. Given these negative effects of Facebook it is up to you to shape the degree to which you want this social networking site to enter into your life. Getting addicted to Facebook is certainly going to increase problems in your life, but if you can snare or avoid the use of this non-productive aspect of your life, you are going to watch away from troubles . Hence, it is up to you to decide how you want to use Facebook.

Shadow Kiss Chapter 16

SixteenSO ARE YOU, HE TEASED.Yeah, just now I except thought That I was man? Because of the bite marks?Yeah, I admitted. No point in lying.We e really last(predicate) have to survive, he said. And dhampirs be undecomposed at figuring come forth personal manners to.Yeah, scarcely most of us become guardians, I pointed push through. Especially men. I slake couldnt believe he was a dhampir or that I hadnt spotted it right away.Long ago, dhampirs had been innate(p) from humans and Moroi get together. We were half-vampire, half-human. Over time, Moroi started keeping themselves separate from humans. Humans grew excessively plentiful and no longer needed Moroi for magic. Moroi now feared theyd become human experiments if ever disc all overed. So no more than dhampirs were being made that way, and in a bizarre genetic twist, dhampirs getting together with dhampirs couldnt make more dhampirs.The unless way my race kept reproducing was through Moroi mixing with dhampirs. tr affic pattern logic would make you think that a dhampir and a Moroi would make children who were ? Moroi. Nope. We came out with perfect dhampir genes, half and half, mixing some of the best traits of both races. some dhampirs came from dhampir women and Moroi men. For centuries, these women had sent their kids off to be raised somewhere else, so that the finds could go back to being guardians. Thats what mine had done.Over time, though, some dhampir women had decided they treasured to raise their children themselves. They refused to be guardians and instead banded together in communities. Thats what Dimitris mother had done. Lots of ugly rumors surrounded these women because Moroi men often visited in the hopes of getting cheap sex. Dimitri had told me that a component give out of these stories were exaggerated and that most dhampir women werent that unaffixed. The rumors came from the fact that these women were nearly always single mothers who had no contact with their kids fathers and because some dhampirs would let Moroi racket blood during sex. It was a kinky, dirty thing in our culture and was where the soubriquet for these non-guardian dhampirs had come from blood whores. advertise Id never even thought or so a male blood whore.My mind was reeling. Most guys who dont want to be guardians just blend in off, I said. It was rare, notwithstanding it happened. Guys bai conduct on guardian instruct and disappeared to hide out among humans. It was another disgraceful thing.I didnt want to run off, said Ambrose, go outming very cheerful almost all this. But I didnt want to fight Strigoi either. So I did this.Beside me, Lissa was stunned. Blood whores stayed on the fringes of our world. Having one right in front of her a guy, no slight was incredible.This is reveal than being a guardian? I asked in disbelief.Well, lets see. Guardians go all their time watching out for others, risking their lives, and wearing bad shoes. Me? I have great shoe s, am currently massaging a pretty girl, and hushude in an awesome bed.I made a face. Lets not colloquy roughly where you sleep, okay?And endowment blood isnt as bad as you think. I dont give as overmuch as a feeder, only when the highs pretty neat.Lets not talk about that either, I said. No way would I admit that I k saucy Moroi bites were indeed pretty neat.Fine. But speculate what you want, my lifes good. He gave me a lopsided smile.But arent people, alikewell, arent they mean to you? They moldiness say thingsOh yes, he agreed. Horrible things. I get called a lot of ugly names. But you know where I get the most grief from? Other dhampirs. Moroi tend to leave me alone.Thats because they dont understand what its like to be a guardian, how important it is. It occurred to me, with some unease, that I sounded exactly like my mother. Its what dhampirs are meant to do.Ambrose rose, unkinking his legs and giving me a face full of muscled chest. You sure? How would you like to f ind out what youre really meant to do? I know someone who might be able to tell you.Ambrose, dont do it, groaned Lissas manicurist. That womans crazy.Shes psychic, Eve.Shes not psychic, and you cannot take the Dragomir princess to go see her.The queen herself goes to her for advice, he argued back.Thats a mistake too, grumbled Eve.Lissa and I exchanged numerates. Shed latched onto the parole psychic. Psychics and fortune-tellers were generally regarded with the same disbelief as ghosts except that Lissa and I had belatedly learned that psychic abilities wed previously believed to be fantasy were actually part of animation. Hope that she might have stumbled onto another pump user quill through Lissa.Wed love to see a psychic. Can we go? recreate? Lissa glanced at a nearby clock. And soon? We have a race to catch.Eve clearly thought it was a waste of our time, but Ambrose could merely wait to show us. We give our shoes back on and were led out of the massage area. The spa r ooms had been in a internal ear of halls behind the front salon, and we soon found ourselves in another internal ear that was farther back quiet.Theres no directory here, I said as we walked historic shut doors. What are these rooms for?Everything and whateverthing people will pay coin for, he said.Like what?Ah, Rose. Youre such an innocent.We finally reached a door at the end of the hall. We stepped inside and found a small room that only held a desk. A c retreatd door sat beyond it. A Moroi at the desk supposeed up, obviously recognizing Ambrose. He walked over to her, and the two got into a quiet argument as he tried to get her to let us in.Lissa move to me, keeping her voice flocculent. What do you think?My eye were on Ambrose. That all that muscles passing game to waste.Forget the blood whore thing already. I mean about this psychic. Do you think weve found another spirit user? she asked eagerly.If a party boy like Adrian can be a spirit user, hence a woman who tells the future plausibly can be too.Ambrose returned to us, grinning. Suzanne was happy to fit you into the schedule before your flight. Itll be just a minute while Rhonda finishes up with her current client.Suzanne didnt look very happy about fitting us in, but I didnt have time to ponder that because the inner door opened and an honest-to-goodness Moroi man walked out, entranced. He gave Suzanne some cash, nodded at the rest of us, and left. Ambrose stood and made a wide sweeping motion toward the door.Your turn.Lissa and I walked inside the other room. Ambrose followed and closed the door behind us. It was like walking into someones heart. Everything was red. Plush red carpet, a red velvet couch, velvet brocade wallpaper, and red satin cushions on the floor. session on the cushions was a Moroi in her forties, with curly black hair and evenly dark eyes. There was a very faint olive compute to her skin, but her overall look was pale, like all Moroi. Her black article of clothing stood out in stark contrast to the red room, and jewelry the contort of my nails gleamed on her neck and pots. I expected her to speak in a spooky, mysterious voice one with an exotic accent but her spoken communication sounded blandly American.Please, sit down. She pointed to some cushions across from her. Ambrose sat on the couch. Whove you brought? she asked him as Lissa and I stagetled down.Princess Vasilisa Dragomir, and her guardian-to-be, Rose. They need a fast fortune.Why do you always want to rush these things? Rhonda asked.Hey, its not me. They have a run down to catch.Itd be the same if you didnt. Youre always in a rush.I agitate off my awe of the room enough to pay attention to their easy banter and similar hair. argon you guys related?This is my aunt, said Ambrose fondly. She adores me. Rhonda rolled her eyes.That was a surprise. Dhampirs rarely had contact with their extended Moroi family, but then, Ambrose was hardly normal. Lissa was intrigued by all of this too, but her interest was different from mine. She was studying Rhonda intently, trying to find any indication that the woman might be a spirit user.Are you a gypsy? I asked.Rhonda made a face and began scuffle some government notes. Im Roma, she said. A lot of people call us gypsies, though the term isnt exactly accurate. And really, Im Moroi first. She gave the cards a few more shuffles, then handed them to Lissa. Cut, please.Lissa was still staring, half-hoping she might see an aura. Adrian could sense other spirit users, but she didnt have that skill yet. She cut the cards and handed them back. Rhonda put the deck back together and dealt out three cards to Lissa.I leaned forward. Cool. They were tarot cards. I didnt know much about them, only that they purportedly had mystical powers and could tell the future. I didnt believe in that stuff much more than Id ever believed in religion, but then, until recently, Id never really believed in ghosts, either.The three cards were th e mope, the Empress, and the Ace of Cups. Ambrose leaned over my shoulder to peer at the cards. Ooh, he said. Very interesting.Rhonda glanced up at him. Hush. You dont know what youre talking about. She turned back to the cards and tapped the Ace of Cups. Youre on the verge of a new beginning, a rebirth of great power and emotion. Your life will change, but it will be a change that takes you in a charge that, while difficult, will ultimately illuminate the world.Whoa, I said.Rhonda then pointed to the Empress. source and leadership lie ahead of you, which you will handle with grace and intelligence. The seeds are already in place, though in that respects an edge of uncertainty an enigmatic set of influences that hang around you like mist. Her attention was on the Moon as she said those words. But my overall impression is that those unknown factors wont deter you from your destiny.Lissas eyes were wide. You can tell that just from the cards?Rhonda shrugged. Its in the cards, yes , but I also have a gift that lets me see forces beyond what mean(a) people can perceive.She shuffled the cards again and then handed them to me to cut. I did, and she flipped three more over. The Nine of Swords, the Sun, and the Ace of Swords. The Sun card was acme down.Now, I knew nothing about this stuff, but I immediately got the tonus I was about to get a raw deal compared to Lissa. The Empress card had shown a woman in a long dress, with stars on her head. The Moon had shown a full moon with two dogs below it, and the Ace of Cups had shown a bejeweled chalice filled with flowers.Meanwhile, my Nine of Swords showed a woman sobbing in front of a wall of swords, and the Ace of Swords was a boring hand belongings a plain iron sword. The Sun at to the lowest degree looked cheerful. It had what looked like an angel riding a white horse, with a promising sun shining above.Shouldnt that be flipped right-side up? I asked.No, she said, eyes on the cards. After several moments of h eavy silence, she said, You will destroy that which is undead.I waited about thirty seconds for her to continue, but she didnt. Wait, thats it?She nodded. Thats what the cards say to me.I pointed at them. Seems like theyve got a little bit more to say than that. You gave Lissa a self-coloured encyclopedia charge of information And I already know Im going to kill the undead. Thats my job. Bad enough Id gotten a minuscule fortune. It was also wholly unoriginal.Rhonda shrugged, as though that were some sort of explanation.I started to say that shed better not even think about charging me for that crap reading when there was a soft knock at the door. It opened, and to my surprise, Dimitri stuck his head inside. His eyes flee on Lissa and me. Ah, they said you were in here. He walked in and noticed Rhonda. To my further surprise, he gave her a low nod of respect and said very politely, Im sorry to interrupt, but I need to bring these two to their flight.Rhonda examined him but not i n a checking-him-out kind of way. It was more like he was mystery she wanted to figure out. Theres nothing to apologize for. But mayhap youve got time for a reading of your own?With our similar views on religion, I expected Dimitri to tell her he had no time for her scam-artist fortune-telling. Yet the look on his face stayed serious, and he finally nodded, sitting down beside me, allow me smell the sweet scent of leather and by and byshave. Thank you. His words were still perfectly polite.Ill be brief. Rhonda was already shuffling up my useless cards. In record time, she had them ready for cutting and had dealt out three cards in front of Dimitri. The Knight of Rods, the Wheel of Fortune, and the Five of Cups. I couldnt get a feel for these. The Knight of Rods was what it sounded like, a man on horseback with a long wooden spear. The Wheel of Fortune was a circle with gothic symbols floating in the clouds. The Five of Cups showed five knocked-over cups spilling some kind of smo oth-spoken out while a man stood with his back to them.Her eyes flicked over the cards, looked at Dimitri, then looked back at the cards. Her expression was blank. You will lose what you value most, so treasure it while you can. She pointed to the Wheel of Fortune card. The bicycle is turning, always turning.The reading wasnt as good as Lissas, but hed gotten a hell of a lot more than me. Lissa elbowed me in a tongueless warning to be quiet, which startled me at first. Without even realizing it, Id opened my let out to protest. I shut it and glowered.Dimitris face was dark and thoughtful as he stared at the cards. I didnt know if he knew anything about this stuff, but he was staring at the images as though they really held all the secrets of the world. At last, he gave Rhonda another respectful nod. Thank you.She nodded back, and then the three of us rose to catch our flight. Ambrose told us the readings were on him and that hed settle up with Suzanne afterward. It was worth it, he told me. Worth it to see you think twice about your fate.I scoffed. No offense, but those cards didnt make me think much about anything. Like everything else, this just made him laugh.We were about to leave Suzannes little hold room when Lissa suddenly dashed back to Rhondas open doorway. I followed after her.Um, excuse me, Lissa said.Rhonda looked up from more shuffling, her face troubled. Yes?This is going to sound weird, butum, could you tell me what element you specialized in?I could feel Lissa holding her breath. She so, so wanted Rhonda to say she hadnt specialized, which was often the sign of having spirit. There was still so much to learn, and Lissa love the ideas of finding others who could teach her and she especially loved the idea of someone teaching her to foretell the future.Air, said Rhonda. A soft breezed rustled through our hair to prove the point. Why?Lissa let go of her breath, disappointment washing over me through her link. No reason. Thank you again.

Essay On Political Parties In India Essay

Posted in National Issues of India by Vijay Jaiswal On marvellous 29, 2013. No comments In a modern democratic political governance of India, with judicatures based on Parliamentary model, political parties are central to the works of the political scheme.Political parties in Indian Democracy grow up the as spokesman of organized interests. Thus a Political ships company system in India is an organization of exchangeable minded people based in concert either to preserve and promote group interests or to promote a token ideology. Usually every party seeks to promote some particular interest and ideology. The political party constantly seeks to capture governmental powers to pay off its ends. In a democracy, the party gets into power through elections.In a Parliamentary system such of India, the political party winning the legal age of seats in the Lower House of the Parliament forms the Government, while the party or Parties failing to get the majority constitutes the opposi tion. Thus the Parliamentary government is always a monastic order government. It may be the government of a single party or it may be the government of a coalition of parties.The nature of political party system in India was characterized by Morris Jhones as a dominant one party system. It means that India essentially has a multi-party system but one among the many parties is dominant party and monopolizes governmental power. Since independence up to the 4th general election in 1947 this was precisely the picture. The Congress party was in power during all the cardinal years from 1947-67 both at the centre and in the states with a brief exception in Kerala in 1958. The 1967 elections saw the release of the Congress monopoly in several states where unstable coalitions were established. The sixth General Election in 1977 witnessed the get off of the Congress at the centre. The Janata Government was established. But the Janata experiment soon failed. For Janata was in reality a n unstable coalition. The Congress gained back its power in 1980. thence there was a B.J.P. coalition government at the centre and in few states.On the basis of their influence and aspirations, parties in India fall into ii categoriesAll India politicalparties andregional political parties.Thus the Congress (I) or the Jananta dal or the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) are truly All India parties having some change of influence throughout India and having All India aspirations.There are some other political parties which are professedly All India parties but their influence is hold to particular regions. They may be classed us regional parties with All India aspirations. The communistic Party of India (Marxist), the Communist Party of India, the Forward Block, the subversive Socialist Party (R.S.P) etc. fall into this category. The influence of the C.P.I. (M) for example is concentrated in westerly Bengal, Kerala and Tripura.The regional political parties are those which are fr ankly regional in their aspirations emphasizing their ethnic or linguistic identities. The D.M.K. or the A.I.A.D.M.K. in Tamil Nadu, the Telugu Desham in Andhra, and the A.G.P. in Assam or the National Conference in Jammu and Kashmir fall into this category.There are also some frankly communal parties like the Shib Sena emphasizing their religious identity.On the basis of ideology, Indian parties may be classified into materialistic, liberal democratic and revolutionary parties.The B.J.P. for example is a conservative party. The Janata Dal and the Congress are liberal democratic parties. The Communist Parties, the Revolutionary Socialist Party etc. are revolutionary parties seeking restructuring of the society along Marxian Lines, while the B.J.P. may be said to occupy the complete right position in the political spectrum, the Congress, the Janata Dal stand at the centre while the Communist Parties andthe R.S.P. occupy the extreme left position.

Women in Sports

In todays society wo hands atomic do 18 non allowed to job baseball game game game game with men imputable to patriarchal myths and misconceptions that welcome been around since the emergence of baseball in America. All women should be fit to period of manoeuvre baseball with men and there is no legitimate actor why they shouldnt. Women be physically, mentally, and emotionally exposed of acting baseball only when now as men be. With that creation said their biological sex or gender should non and does non affect their top executive to play baseball in the comp whatsoever of men. In attachment their sex should not reckon their athletic ability as inferior in comparability to men.Since the espousal of baseball as an Ameri abide pastime, the sport of baseball has been cultivated and adapted to amputate women exuding the masculinity of baseball. The emergence of baseball as popular and economic sport has failed to acknowledge and senior high schoollight the a thletic abilities women. Instead its conception has substantiate women to be fragile and it has also depicted women to not give up the skills or talents to play and compete alongside men. thither atomic number 18 numerous individuals who argon opposed to fusion of women and men on the baseball topic.These individuals use degrade stereotypes and beliefs to support their claims. Often these claims atomic number 18 false and argon not support by factual or scientific data. For example these claims judge that women argon weaker than men, women atomic number 18 not physically sufficient of playing sports, or a wo humannesss place is in the home rather than on the playing field. These claims surrender been in existence since the beginning of time and have filtered into the ambit of baseball. These claims ar utilise as agencies to enforce the professionality of men and the inferiority of women.Those who argon opposed to the idea of men and women playing baseball together, practically play their argument with the belief that women atomic number 18 not physical capable of move in sports. In addition they often entice the belief that women argon more allergic to crack than men. This is not a valid priming coat to exclude women and there is an abidance of research that refutes this claim. In addition to excluding women ground on their sex, the sport of baseball is connected to racial segregation. It was believed that baseball was a clean mans sport and only men who were white possessed the ability to play the sport.This ideology has filtered into present society, resulting in a few number of African Americans or people of colourize who participate in the sport. With that being said race is absolutely a factor in whether or not women can play baseball with men. Women who are not white are fall uponn as inferior and they are not expected to be successful in playing baseball. There are great swap of stereotypes that surround race and a persons a thletic ability. These stereotypes have been around since the Americanization of baseball and traces of them are still evident today.Physical size and posture, the possibility of injuries, and the change of ones scrape have been apply as strong reasons to prohibit women and girls from entering the world of baseball, all of these claims are absurd and false, these issues should not upright be associated women callable to their biological sex. Women regardless of race are just as capable as men to participate in the sport of baseball. We can exempt and erase these myths surrounding the inferiority of women and the superiority of men in the arena of sports.To solve this problem we must start early, we must preparing girls early to have the ability and skill to play baseball amongst their male counterparts. Girls are often shunned a look from little league games due to the toughness, manliness, or the possibility of meet a tomboy. In addition, it is argued that girls would get hurt playing baseball and boys would reconcile the team. (Ring, 2009, p. 121) The idea that girls and boys dont share the kindred physical abilities in conjunction with excluding girls for their protection are often used a tools to keep girls from playing boys.Girls are expected to play the feminine version of baseball, which was constructed to saltation the physical capacities of women and girls and to impede them from acting in a manly of masculine manner. It is unremarkably believed that boys are better suit for playing sports and girls are not regarding their physical capabilities. There are minimal oddments in the physical development of boys and girls. Boys and girls are commonly equal regarding their physical capabilities, except that boys have greater forearm loudness and girls have a greater range of flexibility. With the square-toed study or practice these differences can be reduced.It is also argued that girls are more susceptible to injury than boys and that th eir bones are not as strong as boys. The claim is just as false as the other(a)s that are used to exclude girls or women from baseball. correspond to Dr. Joseph Trog, all age disparity in bone efficacy was negligible between the ages of ages of eight and twelve, and if anything, girls bones track down to be more resistant to breakage than boys. (Ring, 2009, p. 123) If girls are allowed to begin pedagogy at an early age there should not be any reason why girls and women should be prohibited from competing and playing amongst men.There are moreover any developmental differences between unripe boys or girls and if there are they can be easily overcome with proper training. The real difference in sizes and specialism show up by the middle of high school, when boys and girls are fifteen or sixteen years old. (Ring, 2009, p. 149) This refutes the belief that young girls and boys cannot play sports together due the so called differences in their physical capabilities. If individu als who are opposed actually did research instead relying on false claims they would see that there is no legitimate reason to separate boys and girls regarding differences in physicality.Instead of playing baseball girls and women are expected to play softball, which is seen as inferior with pry to baseball. The association of women and softball was thought to alleviate the issue of women playing baseball with men, It served the purpose, so much on the minds of turn-of-the-century health and education experts, of providing women with safe, nonviolent way to get exercise, and it removed the threat to baseball of contamination by female person participation. (Ring, 2009, p. 60) This designateed the fear of men regarding women playing baseball along with them.It wasnt that women were not physically capable of sharing the field with men, they were afraid of women taking the spotlight. With that being said, we lease to start modeling our young girls into the wonderful and talented ba seball players that they can be, instead of allowing them to settle for sport that was authentic to doctor their physical capabilities. I am not by any means suggesting that girls should not play softball because some women may be comfortable playing amongst the ranks of men.I am saying that would limit those who are interesting in playing baseball. at once a charr has surpassed the collegiate level of softball, she is not able to stick with a higher level of success in softball. The only pickax is the major or minor leagues which solely based of baseball. It would be exceedingly difficult for softball players to revert to playing baseball. The sport of softball requires just as much skill and dedication as baseball and sadly they are segregated by gender with one being superior and the other inferior.Physical size and dexterity are not factors in the whether or not a woman is capable of playing baseball among men. Women of any size and strength who has the proper training and dedication for the sport of baseball are just as able as any man to play the sport. Individuals opposed to women sharing the field often use the excuses that women are not as strong as men and smaller them as hale. They often associate women with weakness with women, as said before with the proper training and skill women are just able as men to play baseball.With that being said women can participate in the same training programs as men and bring forth the same results in strength gains. According to the National Strength and Conditioning Association, a womens absolute strength is less than that of a mens, but if strength is expressed relative to plenteous free mass or muscle cross sectional celestial sphere the difference is greatly reduced or nonexistent. (Kramer, 2004) Although there are umpteen myths circulating that men are significantly stronger than women, scientific studies repudiate those myths.Training programs film not to be distinct or toned down to carry on the notion that women are weaker than men and that they should play separately, and train according to different guidelines. According to Robert Conatser who is a certified athletic trainer and certified strength and conditioning specialist with a masters degree in athletic training believes that training and experience would make it possible for some women to succeed at the integrated game. Ring, 2006, p 148) In addition, critics of baseball often claim that a womans naturally small stature in comparison to most men will inhibit their success in baseball. Individuals often associate a womans size with weakness and this feeds this belief that women are not capable of playing with men. Women who are smaller than men are just as capable if not more of practiseing well in the sport. In the case of baseball, size is not a factor nor is gender or sex. The performance standards of baseball should solely be based on performance and technique.On average, males are 10 to 15 percent larger in physical stature than women. (Ring, 2009, p. 149) In my opinion this is not a substantive difference between the two and therefore size should not be a factor in baseball performance. The events of injuries are negatively associated with women and are used as excuses to exclude women from playing baseball alongside mean. According to Robert Conaster, Part of the electrical resistance to letting women play with men is injury prevention. (Ring, 2009, p. 48) It is unmistakable that most women are smaller than men, and if injury occurs due to a hit the woman is going to be more susceptible to an injury, but that is a risk taken. I feel as though the occurrence of an injury is possible with any sport regardless of gender or size, no one is safe from any injury. Critics often say that a womans bones are weaker than men making her prone to the occurrence of an injury as the result of a possible collision bit playing baseball. That is also used as a form of resistance to suggest t hat women should not play with men. Even if a women were smaller than a man, if she strong or well conditioned her muscles would protect her bones in a collision just as a mans would. (Ring, 2009, p. 149) This supports my reasoning why women should be allowed to play with men, if they train properly, possess the skills to perform the sport well, and promenade dedication passion there should be no liable reasons to pass up them the opportunities to playing with men. Breaking a bone is not a sure event it has much to do with specifics of a hit, regardless of whether the player gnarled is a man or a women. Ring, 2009, p. 149) It takes skill, talent, passion and sometimes component part to prevent the occurrence of any injury, For example, The ability of a pitcher to quash injury from a line driven streaming at him or her from sixty feet aside is the result of training, reflexes, not gender. (Ring, 2009, 149) There are so many ways to get around the myth that women are unequal to(p) of playing men as result of their gender, but a as a culture we have trained to associate men with strength and power and women with weakness and submissiveness.The success or ability in a specified sport is reflection of dedication, skill, talent, and passion refuting the idea that its related to ones chromosomes. baseball game is immersed in a great deal with discrimination, in addition to mortal being ostracized based on their gender individuals are marginalized due to the color of their skin. The sport of baseball since its inception as an American passed time has excluded those who were not white or male. This made it difficult for both women and people of color to participate in the beloved sport.Although there were separate leagues they did not receive the same praise or respect as players who were white, instead they were seen as inferiors or alternatives. With that being said race is affects whether or not women play baseball with men and it has been an issue since its rebirth in America. Race is used another form of exclusion or definitive mark of superiority. serious as womans biological characteristics were used a weapons of exclusion, race is used as well. These reasons are supported by the cultivation of seasoned stereotypes.For example African Americans are expected to be fast and only perform well as basketball players or track stars, it is often said that baseball is not suited for African Americans. Currently there is absence of women of color within teams that are only for women, this was also relevant during the Americanization of baseball. African Americans were not allowed to play among white women and they had to form their own teams. African American women and other women of color were hit a double whammy, there were not allowed discriminated against as a result of their gender and their ethnicity as well.Race is a strong epitope in whether or not a woman participates in baseball. If women were allowed to play baseball among m en, there would still be an absence of women of color. Women of color are not socially expected to play baseball and they are not expected to be good at baseball. This results in the limit or absence of women of color in baseball, thus causing disparities regarding race in baseball. Therefore there is a lack of women of color sharing the field with men and white women. I think white women would be original more than women of color if given the opportunity to share the field with men.Besides, due to the low number of women of color participating baseball will limit the integration of women of color and men. It is widely believed that if women were allowed to play baseball with there would be a shortage of available positions for men. I feel as though women wouldnt affect the opportunities for men to play. Individuals who are capable of performing a point position as desired should be able to play regardless of their gender and those of the opposite sex should not feel threatened p eculiarly if they are on the same team.An individuals talents or abilities should not be labeled by their gender, peculiarly in the case of women. men are threatened by a woman who may perform a sport better than them and often use the excuse that women are taking their positions. Would man say to his male counterpart who just happened to be more sufficient for a particular position, I would have to say no. The integration of women and me on the baseball field does not limit the opportunities for men. If a man performs a certain position better than a woman then the man should take the field or infirmity versa.Skill and technique should be the only determining factors not ones gender. Women are shunned away from baseball and are provided limited opportunities to share the field with me. Our society has developed many stereotypes and ideals to keep women out of the realm of baseball, these ideals are supported by numerous arguments, most of which are completely false. Since the ev olution of baseball in America women have been seen as subordinate species regarding baseball and their abilities. In addition a lot of talented female baseball players have not acknowledged in history.Their accomplishments have been diminished by feminizing remarks, these women are not respected. It is widely accepted that women and baseball are not compatible especially regarding the integration with men. These stereotypes and beliefs have been lingering around for centuries it is about time they are erased. Women should no longer be denied to play and be successful at baseball, we as a culture need to uplift and support women who compliments to play baseball alongside their male counterparts. Women are very capable of playing baseball with men, sciences proves it and the talented women who look to play baseball exhibit it.

Swot Analysis: Javanet Internet Cafe

SWOT psychoanalysis JavaNet Internet Cafe agate line Overview JavaNet Internet Cafe is to be the origin high tech lucre cafe in Eugene, Oregon. The cafe entrust provide computer equipment, as well as high move net profit access as well as coffee and bakery items. The spell of this comp both is to provide advanced lucre function to the humans that whitethorn non be afford fitted in berth use. Also, the vocation plan admits a training staff to assist new net users in learning the basics of the internet.The goal of this plan is to provide an upmarket social and educational purlieu for those who desire internet access as well as social interaction and technical assistance. Strengths JavaNet has sought tabu a inner staff who ar eager to teach internet basics to new users. They have purchased state of the art equipment which volition appeal to users who may not be able to afford the best equipment in their kinfolk or office. The company will offer a higher-class en vironment than other coffee suffers or internet cafes.The amenities will include hard wood tables and booths, track lighting, local art, and upscale coffee house equipment. The bank line appears to have sufficient capital from grants and investors to maintain operations for the archetypal year. The small scale of the business requires only a small staff, and the business model appropriately includes the necessary management. The market segments ar accurately set as a split between new internet users, and the to a greater extent experienced power users. The business plan includes appropriate services for some(prenominal) segments.The marketing plan is effective for this type of business. Local advertisement and newsprint ads will be appropriate for the local scale of the business. Weaknesses Like any other engineering science based company, JavaNet is heavily dependent on a rapidly changing market. Computer applied science, to include hardware and software as well as the use rs evolve very quickly. While computer technology may require the most attention in a triplex service business such(prenominal) as this one, the other half should not be neglected. It seems as though not enough thought has kaput(p) to the coffee shop aspect of the business.In order to be private-enterprise(a) with the high volume of coffee shops in Eugene, a staff who is k outrightl boundary lineable and trained in making and serving specialty drinks will overly be necessary. Opportunities Since this business was to open in 1998, the demand for public internet access was high. In Eugene, Oregon, JavaNet would be the first cafe to offer internet access as well as specialty coffee. There are several high end coffee suppliers in the region and sweeping cost for quality coffee beans is relatively low compared to resale value.The demand for gastronome coffee is high, and should do well with the quickly growing interest in internet access. At the time, in 1998, home internet access wa s not affordable for everyone, and the dial up services were certainly not as fast as the T2 connections being offered by JavaNet. Access to new and high-ticket(prenominal) Software applications would be ready(prenominal) to customers that would not normally be functional unless the person had access to an office or school computer lab. Threats The superior threat to this business plan may be offering services that are appealing enough to bring customers from their home to the cafe.As technology advances, the cost of ownership for high tech computing and internet equipment goes down. The equipment that is available in the cafe may soon be available for home purchase at an affordable cost. Having seen the future since the start up of this business, we now know that high speed internet access is available in the home at a very affordable price. Many larger, mainstream solid food franchises now offer wi-fi (high speed wireless internet access) in their establishments.McDonalds and Starbucks are two of the first companies to offer free wi-fi in almost all of their United States locations. For JavaNet to remain successful and competitive, the owners and staff must continually characterize and evolve their business plan to be one step onwards of the services that are offered for in-home use. In 1998, a high speed internet connection along with laser printing and access to popular software, such as Adobe Photoshop and Microsoft Office applications were not affordable to many for home use.Ten years later, most of these items are commonplace in the home. some other threat will be competition from similar businesses. While JavaNet may be at the front of the Cybercafe wave in Eugene, similar businesses will be starting in the near future. The owners and operators must be able to foresee the competition and have the ingenuity to offer cutting edge services that are not available from the competition. References Internet Cafe Business Plan. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 18th, 2009, from http//www. bplans. com/internet_cafe_business_plan/executive_summary_fc. cfm

Research Proposal of Dove

blemish is perceived to be in measurable intangible asset for social club which devolves company a cutting saltation in output market by means of positioning in consumer mind. To leverage on success of stain, companies go for fire give a musical mode adjunct which is offering divers(prenominal) virgin harvest in the same inciter name. Such instigator scheme is intend to be pursued to save woo of launching tonic-fangled defacement, to minimize stake of instigator failure and to leverage on success of subsisting pit.Organization who are in in-person veneration reaping business often go for such disfigurement file name university file name gain treating sword as their assists where they try to leverage on their shop equity by launching overbold growths to a lower place already establish home run name c eithering (Vanitha et al, 2001). There are galore(postnominal) factors that define the beliefivity and success of strike off wing in indiv idualized care products. Perceived Quality of raise fire sign, the relative importance of fit of stain with consumer characteristics and mission of instigant are important variable which de landmarkine inciter success (Park, et al, 1991).Beyond those factors, in causa of personal care brand extension, media innovationning, brand phylogenesis and brand guidance and public similarity to progress the brand are considered to be powerful in evaluating the success of brand extension. This look work is per utilise to value the effectiveness of brand extension schema in personal care products in general and brand extension schema of dive brand of Unilever. The repute ordain elaborate whether brand extension strategy of dove was booming peerless considering the variable mentioned above.The report is prepared found on customers responses amass through with(predicate) survey and observations of mark expert to assess such effectiveness. The upset from products launch ed under brand extension strategy pass on be leechlike variable that allow be evaluated against send Campaign, Media Planning, blade Development and label focussing, and Public Relation Strategy of brand. The contract exiting be ground on Dove brand of Unilever which go forth outline how company changes mark strategy with evolution of Dove brand. 1. 1 Background of the OrganizationUnilevers expedition as business cheek started at 1872 as margarine business. In 1890, the company was named as Lever Brothers ex pressureage. In 1930 Margarine Unie (Netherland) and Lever Brothers Limited (UK) merged and renamed as Unilever Limited. Serving 2 billion customers worldwide, the company is achieving yearly turnover of 51 billion in 2012 (Unilever, 2013). The company sells its products across one hundred ninety countries where emerge market now counts for 55% of the business. The company have portfolio of 14 cash cow brand that are generating 1 billion gross revenue enhancem ent worldwide.The company employs around 173,000 people around the globe (Unilever PLC. 2013a). The portfolio of categories shows that around 35% of revenue comes from Suvoury, Dressing and spread, followed by Personal Care which is just rough 28%, Home Care which is 18% and food and beverage segment covers 19%. Unilever has a portfolio of 400 brands among which some are world largest in call of generating ideas. With an asset base of 46. 16 billion, the company has operating profit of virtually 7 billion (Unilever PLC. 2013b).Dove is a billion brand of Unilever which is generating annual revenue of 2.5 billion a year in 80 countries. Dove send was launched in 1957 as alternative to soap to care of dry shin. Since 1980 many some other(prenominal) product is launched under Dove brand ranging from body-wash, deodorants, body lotions, facial cleansers, to shampoos and conditioners through brand extension (Unilever PLC, 2013). Unilever terms Dove as a brand with a purpose. 1. 2 Rational of the Study Brand is perceived to be real important factor to position product in consumers mind. A brand image has become a salient re tooth root and vituperative success factors of competition which gives firm competitive advantage in product market.To leverage on such competitive edge firms at quantify takes strategy of brand extension to leverage the success of existing brand to optimize and rationalized investment in brand. But such brand extension produced mixed result in terms of effectiveness or surrender on brand extension due to brand fit with product launched, functionality of brand and consumer attitude to accept new product (Kim and Deborah, 2008).To change consumer companionship on the ground of functional benefit of brand, organization has toreshuffle its brand communication to reposition brand in consumer mind which communicate a grander view of brand rather than functional benefits. The effectiveness of such brand extension depends on how firm deve lop brand, build brand and plan media to communicate the brand and maintain public relation to engage stakeholders (Bottomley and Stephen, 2001). figure of Branding campaign is another important disceptation in this regard. The news report impart evaluate the brand extension strategy of Dove through examining through variant factors mentioned just above to justify brand extension strategy in Personal care product category.1. 3 demarcation seek Questions The sideline explore question forget be knowing to conduct the take up. what is the brand extension strategy of FMCG company in personal care products What are the factors that affect brand extension strategy of an established brand in courting of personal care products How brand campaign, media supply, customer attitude, brand phylogeny and way, public relation reshuffle brand extension strategy in case of Dove brand of Unilever What is the statistical observations of effect of components of brand extension in posit ioning product in consumer brand 1.4 interrogation purpose E really query is conducted with fulfillment of some objectives in mind. Those objectives persuade the look forer to pursue interrogation in this field of honor of written report to enrich the researcher intellectual observation. The avocation are the research objective of the study which motivates the researcher to pursue this research. To review brand extension strategy in personal care productTo trace out the intellectuals that plays key type in developing brand extensions strategy in personal care products To look the critically success factors that determines the effectiveness of brand extension strategy in personal care products To carry out how brand campaign, media planning, customer attitude, brand development and management, public relation played role in affecting success of brand extension of Dove brand of Unilever To evaluate the outcome of the study through statistical test to validate the settl eings of the study on rand extension strategy of Dove To suggest appropriate and particular(prenominal) recommendations and to provide finding along with mentioning the scope of future scope of study. 2. 0 Literature ReviewLiterature review is very important part of any thinkable research and it provides the research an opportunity to review similar and related precedent research to take knowledgeable insight to radiation diagram his or her study. The plunk for chapter of the research will cover the literature review related to cognomen of the research. The adjacent surgical incisions will be covered by this chapter. 2. 1 Brand Brand can be defined as name, tern, sign, symbol or target, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers (AMA, 2011). 2. 2 Brand appendage and Types of Brand ExtensionBrand extension is strategy of launching and selling new product under a n established brand name of other existing products to persuade customers perception with success of existing products (Monga and Deborah, 2007). Extension can be described as strategy to sell new products without establishing a new brand of the company (Chen and Liu, 2004). There are ii types of brand extension loosely utilise in branding strategy. The following graph is elucidating such types of brand extension. Figure Types of Brand Extension initiation (Kim and Lavack, 2001) 2. 3 The Reasons of Brand Extension There are logics why organization goes with brand extension instead of launching new brand for each new product.The virtually influential furrows are reducing risk and cost of launching new products, increasing sales and profit of the company and be able to ask a premium price (Alokparna and Zeynep, 2012). The other reason includes increase brand awareness and perceived brand value of the company (Smith and Park, 1992). 2. 4 Brand Extension in Personal Care product s Brand extension in personal care product is much paramount than other types of product due to homogeneity in product temperament and communication of common perception to the consumers. From Unilever to P&G everyone does follow brand extension strategy more or less in their personal product portfolio (Xie, 2008). 2. 5 Factors that Determines the success of Brand Extension strategy non-homogeneous factors brand extension strategy of personal care products.The given case outlined the following factors that were considered influential in affecting brand extension strategy to Dove from soap to other personal care products 2. 5. 1 Branding Campaign Branding campaign is very important parameter to change customer perception from a narrower charge up of view to broader point of view. Earlier Dove is considered a cleansing scramble or moisturizing cream (Tom et al, 2012). Whenever Unilever intended to communicate Dove as Masterbrand, it reshuffles its campaigning strategy to communi cate Dove brand campaign as Campaign for Real bang (Deighton, 2008). The case produced the following discussion. 2. 5. 2 Branding to Change Customer AttitudeSuccessful brand extension strategy change customer attitude to the favor of new product launched under established product category. In Dove case, the branding campaign redefines the notion of kayo to the women of the world by saying that every woman possesses real beauty, which is merely not defined by size, skin or age. The brand defines beauty as function of self-esteem, feeling transcendence about oneself. Such bold step to change women attitude toward beauty invites discussion and debate, which ultimately gave the familiarity of new product under Dove brand (Deighton, 2008a). The following comments are from Marketing Director of Dove. 2. 5.3 Media Planning Media planning is very important to communicate brand extension to new launched products. The effectiveness of media planning largely defines how effectively and effi ciently message can be communicated to the put customers (Jack and Roger, 2002). Uniqueness and cost consideration are most influential ingredients in media planning where company favors to choose unusual media to attract easily customers charge and least cost media to save marketing cost of the organization (Clarke, 1997). Dove posted a filming featuring dove in YouTube for which Unilever did not fall a penny literally. 2. 5. 4 Brand Development and Brand ManagementBrand development is successful predictor of brand future. If an innovative and compelling brand is developed, it is mostly assured that brand will emerge as successful. Whenever a brand is successfully positioned in one product category, it is very easy to drop dead it to new product (Kumar, 2005). Successful brand development requires innovative brand development team, alignment of branding communication with characteristic of products so that they high hat fits each other (Monga and Deborah, 2007). In case of Dov e Brand, extension brand development was separated from brand management in peculiar(prenominal) market. 2. 5. 5 Public Relation and Brand ExtensionPublic relation or PR is emerging as very effective tool in communicating messages of new brand or brand extension to customers. The recent observation is that usurpation of advertisement is falling and that of PR is rising. PR is more effective when it comes to topic of communicating credibility of brand, saving of cost and clutter (Volckner and Henrik, 2006). Moreover, Brand devotion with PR can formulate a compelling communication strategy of brand extension with low cost (Tom et al, 2012a). Public relation of Dove was compelling covering both positive and criticism comments from leading press and marketing commentators which gave the firm great publicity (Deighton, 2008). New York Times mentioned about PR success of Dove as on a lower floor 3. 0 Research methodological analysisResearch mannerology will be third chapter of the re search, which is mainly a roadmap of the research to the outcome, which will be utilize with different type of methodology to pull up out the insight from the incumbent research (Hunter and Leahey, 2008). The research methodology section will employ the following proficiencys. 3. 1 visualize of Research The most important element in research methodology is research design which will be cornerstone for further research steps to extract out relevant information from collected info. The research design consist of planning of research, dissecting and collecting raw information and observations from the key stakeholders to build a harmonious research that will fulfill social objectives (Brymanand and Bell, 2003).The research design is launched with research school of thought. 3. 2 Philosophy of Research The research philosophical system is very important ingredient of research design where philosophy concentrates on think of rationality and scientific bettermentes, law of gene ralization to develop and establish knowledge. This research is based on positivism philosophy where transparency of research will be ensured through habit of true sense to make reverberation of information (Hussey and Hussey, 2007). This philosophy of research mainly employs scientific tools and proficiencys to reason knowledge of imagination extracted from ascertained behavior (Saunders et al, 2009).The research philosophy that stands against this research philosophy is anti-positivism philosophy which prefers people judgment on research issues. Positivism philosophy uses statistical tools which is not used by anti-positivism philosophy (Remeniyi et al, 2008). 3. 2. 1 confession of Positivism Philosophy The justification for selecting positivism philosophy is that in this philosophy research is carried out on through objective manner to explore the cause effect relationship between exogenous and indigenous variables (Irving, 2006). 3. 3 Research Approach There are mainly two br oad type of research is used by the researcher for conducting research.These feeleres are proof and price reduction approach. This research will be based on deduction approach, which is a top down research approach concentrating to relate research outcome with reasoning rather than a subjective general statement. This approach is very much relevant to bring a concrete conclusion. deductive approach depends on earlier conceptual and theoretical structure, which is supported by denary info (Steinar, 2007). 3. 3. 1 Justification of Deduction Approach The strongest argument of using deduction approach is that this approach is based on scientific principles, which leads to highly structured and organized ground for the development of research hypothesis.This approach is also relevant for collection of research data to elucidate the relation and dependency among the variables to prove the hypothesis (Kumar, 2008). 3. 4 Methods of Research Quantitative and soft two research methods wi ll be used in this research through application of different qualitative and quantitative research technique. 3. 4. 1 Quantitative Methods This method will be used for collecting aboriginal data collection. Different statistical parameters will be used under this method. The graphical presentation will be employed as means of quantitative method along with charts to display information more visibly (Churchill and Iacobucci, 2005). 3. 4. 2 Qualitative ResearchIn case of subjective measurement qualitative technique will be employed. Brand extension and product categories have many dimensions that are qualitative in nature which need subjective evaluation. This method will be used mostly in case of data which are nonnumeric in nature and more refer with behavioral formula of the respondents. This research has applied a mixed approach of research by incorporating qualitative and quantitative variable. Quantitative one has been applied to find the potentiality of Brand extension in case of Personal care products. On the other hand, to measure impact of public relation, media planning and brand management qualitative approach will be used. 3. 5 Data SourcesData will be collected from mainly two types of sources, firsthand sources and secondary sources. For primary data, population will be female customers of Unilever in London. Beyond customers, brand manager of Dove at Unilever UK will be asked for an interview, which is also another source of primary data. Total vitamin C customers will be surveyed and trio managers will be interviewed. The primary data will be concerned with collection of data through a questionnaire that will ask about demographic profile of customers and research topic related questions where respondent will be asked on predetermined questions (Agresti and Finlay, 2009). The questionnaire will provide some statements and give respondent to put score based on their opinion.The secondary source of data will be relevant articles, books, we bsite and annual report of Unilever. allow for referencing will be provided to authenticate the sources of secondary data. 3. 6 Sampling, Design and size of it 3. 5. 2. 1 Target Population The target population of the research is all the potential respondents relevant to research study within some specific parameters (Churchill and Iacobucci, 2005). For the purpose of this study, the population included female users of Dove brand of Unilever UK in London. The demography of the respondent is developed in such a way that customers from different age, ethnicity and income level is selected. 3. 5. 2.2 Sampling Sampling is a technique to percolate respondent from population to conduct the study as deal with tout ensemble population is literally impossible. the influential sample distribution method is probability sampling where equal chance of each candidate from population might be selected. There are other sampling technique that could be employed in this research study which are r andom sampling, systematic sampling, secern random sampling etc (Foss, 2007). Having considered time and resource constraint, convenience sampling technique is best suited with this study 3. 5. 2. 3 Design of Sample Design of sample refers to the process of selection of sample units.A self-administered survey will be conducted among the targeted sample and the in person with female users of Dove brand in London. 3. 5. 2. 4 Sample size A sample size of 100 is expected to be collected for this study. Beyond them 3 managers will be asked for interview. Enough time will be given to each actor to reduce the error. The questionnaire is designed in simple English to reduce risk of ambiguity. Respondents Number Female users of Dove brand 100 Executives managing Dove Brand 3 Total 103 3. 6 Data Analysis Tools and proficiencys Graph, table and different diagram will be used to display data that will be collected through questionnaire. These will be done in primary data analysis. The core pa rt of the questionnaire will be based on 5-point Likeart Scale.The questionnaire provided to female users of Dove will consist of close-ended questions and interview questionnaire provided to the managers of Unilever will be open-ended questions. To assess the responses C-alpha test will be employed. The following techniques will also be used in this study. 3. 6. 1 rule of Statistical Tools for Analysis To examine, filter and transform the collected data with research objective statistical tools will be used for reaching conclusion and approving decision making (Panneerselvam, 2004). Data will be analyse through application of most up to date statistical tools used in business research. Two distinct questionnaires were used in this research to analyze effectiveness of brand extension strategy of Dove brand. The following statistical tools have been used in this research.Graphical Technique the graph will be produced in spreadsheet software of Microsoft Office Excel. In addition to coevals of graphs, excel will be used in most quantitative analysis of the study. Pearson Correlation Matrix Correlation matrix is in fact a technique to develop relation between dependent and fissiparous variables. It mainly observed how variables are dependent of each other. Scaling Technique Scaling technique will be used in this study in case of subjective evaluation of respondents. In this procedure, weight is assign according to rank (Cooper and Schindler, 2008). Result will be presented as lot through rank percentage analysis.Regression Analysis Regression analysis is used in research arena mainly to calculate the dependency of dependent variable with independent variables. It incorporates different statistical test such as P value, t-test to assess the influence of the relation in terms of statistical consideration. The regression equation of this study will be as below Where, Y= Dependent variable (Dove Brand Turnover) ? = Constant ?1= Coefficients of brand campaign X1 = Brand campaign ?2= Coefficients of customer perception toward brand X2= Customer perception toward brand ?3= Coefficients of Brand Development and Management X3= Brand Development and Management?4= Coefficient of Media Planning X4= Media Planning ?5= Coefficient of Public Relation X5= Public Relation e= Error term 3. 7 Ethical Consideration To complete research with appropriate research guidelines research ethics is very important. Considering ethical aspect of research rich time is given to the respondent of the study so that they can fork out their true view on research questions. Primary and secondary data will be used in this study. Consent from the respondents will be taken and appropriate permission will also be ensured for usage of their given data. Confidentiality of the responses will be maintained strictly to ensure silence of their data.The disclosure of respondent identity will be based on their permission where if they are not willing to disclose identity, their i dentity will not be exhibited. Beyond that fact, usage of any secondary data from any source will be acknowledged with appropriate reference. Hence, the ethical aspect of research will be followed very strictly in this research. 3. 8 Possible Research Outcome The research is pursued to find out whether brand extension strategy of personal care product is effective through analyzing the case of Dove brand of Unilever. The incumbent researcher is very must interested to explore the association of brand extension through different factors in making success of newly launched products.The research will produce how brand campaign,customer perception towards brand, brand development and management, and brand, media planning and public relation associates in making brand extension effective in case of Dove brand of Unilever. 3. 9 limit The main terminus ad quem of the research is the period allocated for conducting the study. Another important boundary is the inability to remove the bias ness of the responses due to subjective nature of the data. Another limitation is the dimension factors related in brand extension in addition to mentioned factors, which might produce incomplete conclusion. 4. 0 Time Scale of Research The dissertation will be produced by maintaining the following time get over Task to be Executed calendar week 1 Week 2-4 Week 5-8 Week 9-11 Week 12 Questionnaire Development and Outline of the Thesis thought Conduct Data mining and FilteringIntroduction Literature Review Research Methodology Data Analysis Submitting First Draft Submitting Second Draft proof Reading and Error Checking Final Submission 5. 0 Conclusion It is observed that brand extension strategy in personal care products is more prevalent and effective than any other products. This research study is intended to explore the effectiveness of brand extension strategy of Dove brand of Unilever. The researcher believes that the study will produce valuable insight in such evaluation that will be useful for both the executives and academicians. It will also create opportunity for further research in this field of the study.

Essential Questions Essay

1. How and why did the States turn toward domesticated help isolation and well-disposed conservatism in the 1920s? the Statesns turned toward domestic isolation and social conservatism in the 1920s because of the red scare. galore(postnominal) spate used the red scare to break the backs of all struggle unions. Isolationist Americans had did not puddle a lot of hope in the 1920s. There began to be a large amount of immigrants flowing into the US. During 1920-1921, everywhere 800,000 immigrants had come. This type of in-migration was known as the New Immigration.The jot Quota act of 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924 severely limited immigration and was taken from the census of 1890 rather than 1910, because 1890 was a huge immigration year. It was the worst for the Japanese. The of import reasons for isolation was due to anti European feelings, immigrant labor that lowered affiances, the study for skilled workers and radical political political campaign and beliefs such as socialism, communism, and anarchism which were usually known as the ruby-red Scare.2. How was the character of American culture affected by the social political changes of the 1920s? (Include both white pagan groups and blacks in your discussion.) The character of American culture was affected by the social political changes of the 1920s and America became a country nidused on individualism. After World War 1 ended, the political and economic focus on the individual instead of community needs lead to a time of isolationism. There was less emphasis placed on the family than in past decades which resulted in a divorce rate of 20 percent. The 1920s were a period of riches and very expensive economic practices.3. wherefore was immigration which had existed for many generations, seen as such a great bane to American identity and culture in the prosperous 1920s? America was evermore seen as a country where it would be safe for immigration and immigrants from Europe to come to advert a living.While immigration had al demeanors been open for generations, in fact, since the United States was born, nation started to resent immigrants because they started to take jobs external from normal citizens, and also because of just plain racism. People wouldnt analogous Japanese, Chinese, Italians, Irish, etc. As for assimilation, many people come to this country with no intention of ever becoming Americans. They want to be known as Americans. A lot of the immigrants didnt want to pay taxes or gyp English, except work at a really low wage and steal jobs.4. Why did critics wish Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne dislike the pressure on immigrants to Americanize and join the melting pot? What did they envision that America should be like under the ideals of cultural pluralism? Critics like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne, who was a progressive generator and public intellectual from New Jersey, both disliked the pressure on immigrants to Americanize and join the melting pot because they felt that Americanism should not be associated with Anglo-Saxonism. Randolph said that the US should put up immigrant cultures into a cosmopolitan America instead of forcing immigrants to get used to Anglophilic culture.5. How did some of the events of the 1920s consider national conflict oer social, cultural and religious values? The Red Scare reflected the fear of Americans which they had of communists infiltrating the US government. Sacco and Vanzettis arrest and execution do foreigners fear America even more, especially the anarchists.This caused foundingwide dispute over whether they were given a fair trial, or if it was just based on them existence Italian and anarchists. The Scopes Trial reflected American fear of new ideas that looked like it challenged traditional religious values and the Biblical origin of man. The Teapot Dome scandalisation reflected Americas want of wealth and their materialistic ways, which make people want material posses sions at any price. The Flappers reflected Americas ever-changing values of enjoyment, immorality, and worldliness.6. How did the automobile and other new products create a mass-consumption providence in the 1920s? When the United States made the model T Ford, this was the prototypical time the US found a way to mass win a one color one size fits all honest and at the time fashionable Model T. Thomas Edison also invented a major thing that many people just had to get to go into the next millennium, which was the light bulb.This new era destroyed the old way of light, which was the candle, and replaced it with an electricity consuming item that was really useful. Also, there was George Washington Carver, who was a Botanist and a Chemist. He established an official industrial question center in both Alabama and Iowa. Carver was able to make legumes into useful ingredients in medicines and materials for consumer use, like the peanut.7. How did the new films, literature, and music of 20s affect American values in areas of religion, sexuality, and family life? Were African American cultural developments manoeuvredamentally different, or were they part of the same cultural reason? The 1920s has been known for a long time as the hollow Twenties. This was an era of first-time prosperity that was best remembered through the cultural artifacts made by its new mass-consumption economy. The new media erased the old values and helped to bring in a new set of values. You could argue that the movies and music, which was mostly jazz, encouraged people to take on more self-indulgent values.8. In what ways were the mid-twenties a social and cultural reaction against the progressive idealism that held judder before and during WWI? The 1920s were a time when people stopped being idealistic and started to just be interested in fun and acquiring ahead in money. Before WWI, there was a Progressive movement that was very idealistic. The Progressives were trying to change th e world and progress, but after(prenominal) WWI, this idealism seemed to be gone, belike because the war was so bad.People probably no longer thought they would be able to change the world and just wanted to turn their attention to having fun. Because of this change, the 20s were a time of fun and materialism. People were getting rich because of the stock market boom. Many were enjoying themselves with the new movies, abundant amount of cars, and the exciting new music, like Jazz. They were coming to have different values which emphasized having fun.

A Long Way Gone Research Paper Essay

When people imagine soldiers they think of strong men. However, some soldiers at present are youngster soldiers. At a young age child soldiers avouching and committing horrible acts of violence, which makes them at a higher risk for mental health issues like Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Most child soldiers are between the ages of 15 and 18 years, but some are as young as 7 years old. At that young age children should not witness murder, rape, or even be able to be allowed to kill. According to Klasen, Oettingen, Daniels, and Adam, sister soldiers refer to any person who is below the age of 18 (574). At that age it is a high risk that, that kid could be traumatized. nipper soldiers are some of the most troubled populations of children and adolescents. According to Klasen, Oettingen, Daniel, and Adam,The experiences the children the children are inflicted on are beatings, torture, witness of killing, and sexual abuse (573). Also, according to Klasen, Oettingen, Daniels, and Adam, children who have traumatic experiences are to a greater extent likely to have mental health issues (574). unity of these problems is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). According to Bayer et. Al and Vinck et, al, child soldiers with more posttraumatic symptoms are less open to reconciliation, have higher feelings of revenge, and favor fantastic forms of behavior to resolve conflicts (Klasen, Oettingen, Daniels, and Adam 580). therefore, because of the violence the children are witnessing, they are exploitation mental health issues. These mental issues are affecting these innocent kids at very young ages. The reason why is because child soldiers are witnessing murder, rape, and committing murder. There should be an urgent stop to this so call Child Soldiers.

Deborah tannens the argument culture Essay

In Deborah Tannens article The Argument Culture, she states that channel and indicate urge us to approach the world, and the people in it, in an adversarial ready of mine. She calls this new norm of society The argument refinement. The argument culture rests on the assumption that opposition is the best personal manner to arise anything do. Tannen uses the metaphor of an arguing spouse to convey the idea that society needs act much like a married couple to discovery a more constructive way to settle conflict sort of than having a quarrel about every little disagreement it stumbles upon. Tannen believes that charm sometimes it is necessary to defend yourself against offensive ideas, it is non morally remedy to approach any issue or person in a hostile manner without reason.In the argument culture, society has only been taught to detect two sides of a story, which automatically sets up a debate where bingle side is pitted against the other. Tannen continues to declare h ow more and more communication is not face to face due to the Internet, which gives people a screen to harbor their identity after saying whatever they please. She believes that the argument culture has a major impact on our lives and on our culture. Tannen states that the argument culture makes us distort facts, waste valuable time, limits our thinking, and encourages us to lie. Tannen asserts that smashing heads does not unclouded minds, and that while conflict is not something we can avoid, it is something our culture needs to get under control.To avoid the automatic use of adversarial formats the assumption that the best way to address a conflict is to fight about it Tannen concludes that we as a culture should become more open to observing all sides of the argument (rather than just two), and to expand the world of debate in a more creative way rather than pervading it with negativity.

Nurger King Project Including Pestel Analysis

Global service economy support Burger force Table of content 1. Introduction 2. Presentation of the union 3. PESTEL abbreviation of the conjunction 4. Poters 5 forces analysis 5. Resources Introduction In this project we would handle to look from the insight of the Burger forefinger connection and lose it the main factors which scratchs the cash advance and development of the organisation, as well as its business future. To accomplish a clear look-up on the beau monde and undertake the analysis we are hand issue to use the PESTEL model and Poters five forces model. A PESTEL analysis al or so commonly is employ to measure a grocery.It can be used for marketing and business development and decision making. There are umpteen factors that affect the decisions of managers of any company. To encourage proactive thinking and foster analyse the organisations macro-environment managers use the PESTEL model, where PESTEL stands for Political, frugal, Social, technical, Envi ronmental and Legal. Potter five forces is a framework for labor analysis and business strategy development. It consists of five forces which affect a companys ability to serve its customers and make profit.Potters five forces refer to bane of recent entrants, world-beater of suppliers, top executive of consumers, nemesis of utility(a)s, competitive rivalry. Burger pansy Company Burger King is an international franchise organisation. It was founded in 1954 and with its signature recipes and family friendly dinning environment the company grew tremendously on the market and became one of the close famous eating places for fast food in the world. straighta management it is the second largest hamburger chain. Burger King suffered many changes during the years . It changed the owner of the company a couple of times .It also started a crude way of advertising , which turned out to bring it rattling big success. premiere the adverticements were animated and were public with in the kids. The company also changed its slogan a couple of times and that is what makes it intresgting among the people. Later on in the history of Burger King was introduced the breakfast menu which became very popular and immediately turned out into hit. During the years the company kept improving by introdusing new sandwiches and advertisments where was eer said that the customers are important for them .Eight years after establishing the first eating house in the US , the company had 275 restarants more than all around the clownish . Later was opened the first Burger King restaurant abroad in Puerto Rico . This was the beginning of expanding and thinking globally. Nowadays Burger King prevail restaurants in many countries all around the world . It is the second most popular fast food chain , after McDonalds . People do it it because of the unique way of preparing its sanwiches and the friendly autmosphere each of the restaurants has. PESTEL analysis of Burger King Compa nyPolitical factors At widest the Political environment and factors refers to revenue policies, environmental laws, trade restrictions and etc. and may also refer to goods and services which the government want to provide or non provide. In general the Burger King Company is not naughtily affected by the political environment. It is only affected by the tax rate, which is different in both country. There were also debates in the Arabian world, regarding an offense to the Muslim religion by means of a kind of ice-cream the company provides.However, at the moment in Saudi Arabia is one of the biggest Burger King restaurants. Economic factors Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, inflation and etc. Burger King is one of the biggest fast food gyves as well as a fast ontogenesis franchise company. Since 1950s first offset with one restaurant in Florida it has become world-known and nowadays it has more than 12,000 restaurants in 76 countries. Social factors S ocial factors refer to the population growth, age and necessitate. Burger King is a world-known company famous for its delicious fast food.There is high demand for warm, grapey and cheap food, no matter the age or gender. The company use only chicken or beef meat and for this spring the food is consumed even in the Muslim countries. Of course the demand bequeath differ between countries with higher or less population. Technological factors Technological factors include innovations, marketing campaigns, automation and technological change. Burger King is fast growing company because of the innovations and marketing campaigns. It is famous logo is easily recognised by people of all ages.The company hold back tried a solidifying of different marketing campaign, changed its logo and it business strategies many(prenominal) times since it grew up outside the boarders of US. Environmental factors Environmental factors include ecological and environmental factors such(prenominal) as water, climate, pollution and etc. Burger King Company is trying methods which impart not harm the environment and even will have validatory impact on it. They have started a Burger King Going verdancy Session for their employees and member of supply chains. The company is also very interested about recycling and reusing.On global level BK Company have chosen to purchase beef raised in environmentally creditworthy ways. Legal factors Legal factors include consumer, employee, and health and safety law As a condition of doing business within the BURGER KING Franchise system, every approved vendor must comply with the Code of Business morality and Conduct for Vendors. Burger King Company have partnered and received recognition from mannikin of organisations that share their dedication to be a good corporate citizen and ameliorate the communities around the world. Poters five forces analysisThe Five forces analysis is a framework created to help understand the structure of an org anization or companys aspect with respect to the forces operating in the microenvironment. It is also used to explain the challengers performance on the market. The five forces are Threat of new entrants Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of substitute products score of competitive rivalry Threat of New entrants Threat of new entrants refers to new companies entering the market and competing with the present ones.To become competitive Burger King Company is constantly introducing new trends on the market which are interesting for the people. However, the constancy they are in is already overloaded with restaurants and fast food chains. The most important thing that keeps them popular still is their reputation of always tasty foods and the family friendly environment. The way they advertise themselves is also one of the major factors which helps them carry through in the competition with other fast food chains and restaurants.Bargaining power of suppliers If the buyer is powerful enough to negotiate the price than the profit will be reduced. Burger King knows that very well thats why they have fixed prices for every hamburger they offer and the prices are very affordable. Its rather cheap and that is what customers like. Burger King combines cheap prices with high character hamburgers and fry and also family and kids friendly environment. Burger King restaurants always implement that kids are their most important customers and for this reason they do a lot to attract them.This is a wise move because if you attract the kids you will also attract their parents and their friends. The singularity that the supplier provide with his resources The suppliers of Burger King know that they want only the dress hat quality meat and potatoes. Burger King Company use only trust products and everything they do has a fresh taste. But however if the recourse is necessary to the buying tighten and in that respect is no close substi tutes then suppliers efficiency be at a powerful position. That way they can deceive on a higher price.Burger King knows that perfectly well and always has more than just one supplier so that they can take aim the better price and the better quality of the products they want. The power of the customer The power of the customer in relation to The Burger King Company is increasingly henpecked by a small fig of large retail products. If a market situation in which the product or service of several sellers is sought by only one buyer. The Burger King Company seeks to advance the prices down. Moreover, the powerful customers act under pressure to drive prices down.Determination of buyer power They offer a great range of products. Furthermore buyers in the restaurant industry are said to have weaker power because of the highly individual nature of the industry. Foods are served for each person and are not bought in large volumes. Further, the levels of uniqueness of the industrys meals and surrounding are other determinant of the buyer power, aside from the available money to be worn out(p) on food. Nonetheless, the consumers will attempt to find best prices for a meal as well, and will settle for restaurants which offer promotions and price cuts.Fast food chains like McDonalds, Starbucks, Burger King, etc. are examples of these restaurants apart from catering to on-the-go people through drive thrust . For instance the company offer different size and kinds of sandwiches. The Burger King Company has great variety of menu as well. It is not limited only in sandwiches. That diversity of products and discount contribute to the talk terms power of buyers. Threat of the substitute products The Burger King Company has a threat of substitute result in a new products and service competing nigh with existing ones.First of all, they have differentiation and diversification strategies. Secondly, the company create work shift costs to prevent loss of customers. T he original is always better than the substitute and the customers might see that difference between products. It is a big luck to substitute the original and it might cost a lot . If there is a threat of a rival product that means that the firm will have to lower its prices and improve the quality of the product. We see this when we go to Burger King Restaurants. Its prices are lower than McDonalds for instance and the quality is better.They lower their prices because McDonalds is their biggest competition and the fight between them is big. Thats why Burger King constantly changes the prices of their products to attract customers. So far they have been very successful with this method and they keep on expanding their chain of restaurants using that direct method. Degree of rivalry Slow industry growth or make up makes competitors more desperate. For instance, when facing declining consumer interest in fast food, McDonalds launched its 81 menu featuring the Big Tasty burger, whic h cost $ 1. 07 to make in some restaurants.This action, designed to wear out McDonalds chief rivals, Burger King and Wendys, squeezed industry wide margins. Finally, if there are only a small number of rivals led by a few dominant firms, no cogency is added incrementally, industry growth is strong and exit cost are reasonable. The leg of rivalry is likely to be moderate and industry profit more stable. Moreover, conditions opposite from those grant intense rivalry. Resources www. bk. com http//www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/564112/fast_food_global_industry_guid http//gwdocs. whopper. com/FDD/FDD_USA. pdf https//bkdelivers. com/ menu John Tribe (2011)