Non-Verbal Communications to Clinch a Job Interview

Individuals communicate not through words alone, but through non-verbal communications, cues and messages transmitted, usually through body language and facial expressions. A great deal of meaning is conveyed by non-verbal means of communication, and when integrated with effective verbal language, can better convey or stress the intended message. Non-verbal communications, though, tends to be overlooked by many people, especially during crucial moments, like a job interview. It must be remembered that the various types of non-verbal communications have a significant impact on the communication process and play a critical part in successful business communications, as they complement oral discourse in today’s dynamic workplaces and other milieus. Non-Verbal Communications to Clinch a Job Interview Conveying a positive message with the right non-verbal cues can spell a great difference in jumpstarting a person’s career, ensuring a smooth and successful career path, and in effectively dealing with others, in general. Five of the most common ways whereby non-verbal messages can be utilized in favor of a person being interviewed for a supervisory position in a business organization are: physical appearance, both of the written message and the individual; body language; space or territoriality; and time.   The physical appearance of written messages, like a job applicant’s cover letter and resume, must follow the formal principles of style, correct grammar and spelling, in professional format and clean printout.   A person’s physical characteristics, likewise, must impart an overall professional look. When applying for a job interview, the person must be punctual and be well-groomed, clean, attractive and well-dressed, but not overdone nor dressed inappropriately. Clothes that fit well, are clean and neatly pressed contribute to a smart aura and show that a person cares enough to look professional on the job.   Clothes can communicate economic status, current occupation, and values, so care in choosing the right key pieces to wear can elicit favorable feedback from others. Postural non-verbal communication will also heighten a good impression, especially during job interviews. A person’s body orientation, arm and leg positions, and general sitting posture can send signals of being at ease, confident, or ready for challenges. Job applicants will do well not to fidget and not to avoid eye contact, lest they be seen as nervous or insecure, and to refrain from making defensive postures as crossed arms and legs that may convey a closed attitude. Occasional nodding, keeping the head up, and using the hands confidently to stress a point may be fine. Cheerful, not exaggerated facial expressions and gestures, like a firm handshake, plus an overall good attitude, may be used to display sincerity, confidence and respect for a position (â€Å"Nonverbal Communication,† 1998). In terms of communicating messages through space, individuals must keep a slight distance from job interviewers — and later on from higher-ups — to signify respect for, rather than an invasion of, their personal space.   Not standing too close when speaking to superiors also signifies respect for their status in the organization. Last but not the least, a job applicant up for a supervisory position must make optimum use of the time spent with the interviewer, which in some way reflects the applicant’s time management skill.   It may also be regarded as a sign that he may not tend to cram work, nor be too exhausted to assume work priorities.   After all, only when a person has time for himself and others can he truly be at his best or most productive. Reference College of DuPage (1998, May 27). Types of Nonverbal Communication. In Communication  Ã‚  Ã‚   ( ¶ 11). Retrieved March 7, 2008 from http://www.cod.edu/Course/MGT100?mgtcomm.htm         

Comparing Manchester Airport to Starbucks

One of the aims of Starbucks is Global Responsibility. This is similar to Manchester Airport's aim Environmentally Friendly because Manchester Airport is planning to cut the amount of CO2 emissions and recycle more; also Manchester Airport provide triple glazing windows for people who live very close to Manchester Airport so that they aren't affected by the sound. Starbucks is intending to make 100% of their cups recyclable by 2015, also to make 100% of their coffees in high quality, to contribute over 1 million lion hours of community service by 2015, to make 100% of their coffees fair traded. Also Starbucks is aiming to reduce energy and water conservation plus, Starbucks staff cleans their equipments such as mugs, cups etc, so that it's re-usable. These are similar because both of the company is planning to make the environment better by recycling plus they both care about other people and the planet because Manchester Airport is providing triple glazing windows, in addition, Starbucks is paying their farmers with fair trade. This shows that both of the company care about other people because they provide something to customers so that it's suitable in the condition they live in. Differences They are also different because Manchester Airport runs only in tertiary sector because they provide a service to people. Starbucks runs on entire sector primary, secondary and tertiary because they pay farmers to grow the beans so they are primary, they are in the secondary sector because they roast the beans into coffee, and they are in the tertiary sector because they sell the products and provide a service to customers. In addition there is also a big difference between both because Starbucks sells products such as coffees, cold drinks, equipments etc. Also Starbucks produces its own product. Manchester Airport only rents out space to Airlines. Starbucks serves cold drinks, hot drinks, muffins and cake and more and they even merchandise cups with the Starbucks logo on it. Manchester Airport provides a service; they have shops in the airport so that you can buy food and drinks. Plus on top Manchester Airport's activities has a massive difference compared to Starbucks the only similarity is that they both work in the tertiary sector plus, they both provide a service to customers. Starbucks coffee company and Manchester airport are very different business so their activities are not similar at all. Starbucks activities involve selling more than just coffee; they sell cold beverages, hot beverages and have a wide variety of different types of teas. Starbucks also sell merchandise such as Which Business is bigger? Starbucks business is far bigger than Manchester Airport; this is because Starbucks run internationally, Starbucks runs in more than 55 countries and they have 16,635 stores worldwide therefore, they are making massive profit worldwide and so they would need more staff to operate the business. Manchester Airport has only has one airport in Manchester, they are not an international business so they make less profit and so they have less staff. Competitors Competitors Manchester Airport – Liverpool and Heathrow Both of the company's competitors are similar because their rivals do exactly the same thing. Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero and Costa Coffee is Starbucks rival runs in all of the sectors, pay their farmers with fair trade, provide coffee and recipes, provide cold drinks and sell equipment, for example espresso machine and filter machine. Costa Coffee sells coffees such as espresso, cappuccino, Americano etc. These drinks are exactly the same as what Starbucks provide. However Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero has a different theme which is used on its website, it's very different compared to Starbucks, Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero has a black background on its website and the logo is just a plain blue rectangle box that says Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero. This website doesn't look that appealing, because it's very plain nor does it look posh. Costa Coffee website theme is a maroon background and a plain white logo saying â€Å"Costa†. Starbucks logo looks more nicer than Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero and Costa Coffee because it's not just plain it's a circle logo that says â€Å"Starbucks Coffee† and on the centre it shows a coffee, the background of the website is cream and has a picture of a leaf at the back, the website is also well organised, it's more far more easier to navigate therefore it would be more appealing to customers. I think that Costa Coffee won't be able to compete well against Starbucks because they only have 442 Stores and also Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero has only 520 shops worldwide, whereas Starbucks has 16,635 Stores, Starbucks website looks far more organised and more expensive than both of their competitors therefore, I believe that Starbucks are successful on being competitive. Liverpool and Heathrow Airport are just exactly same as Manchester Airport because they rent out space to airlines and provide a service to customers. Heathrow is Manchester Airports main UK competition because it has 5 terminals, more airlines fly from there, particularly long haul flights to the US with British Airports. To compete Manchester Airport could rent out to airlines for less money so that they try to gain more business with long haul companies such as continental virgin Atlantic. Liverpool John Lennon Airport is main local competition – they specialise in Budget Airlines such as Ryan air and Easy jet, therefore Manchester Airport has got to attract budget airlines. Qatar airlines fly from Manchester Airport. Manchester Airport has better services such as shops, restaurants etc. Heathrow Airport has 67 million customers every year, whereas Manchester Airport has only 53 Million customers every year. So I believe that Manchester Airport isn't that good at competing with other airlines, however they can improve by making more space so that more airlines can fly, and make more long haul flights and rent space to airlines for cheaper so that they get more airlines.

US Foreign Policy and Nuclear Proliferation Research Paper

US Foreign Policy and Nuclear Proliferation - Research Paper Example An examination of the US foreign policy in modern times highlights the significant role of nuclear weapons. The reason is that nuclear weapons constitute an important part in the achievement of the United States foreign policy and defense policy goals. There are two arguments that rationalize this. First, is that nuclear weapons are seen as valuable instruments of statecraft and the foundation of global stability by serving as a deterrent to a wide range of threats. Secondly, the American Cold War policy still has its imprint on modern foreign policy particularly in regard to the emphasis on the importance of being ready to deliver a quick and massive attack against opposing nuclear forces. According to a Harvard Nuclear Study Group: [The United States] wants from them many of the same things it wants from its conventional military forces. The basic goal is to protect the security of the United States and its allies from attack or coercion by a hostile power. Nuclear weapons should serve that primary purpose. (Carnesale & the Harvard Nuclear Security Group 134) During the Cold War nuclear weapons is at the center of the American security strategies. The US, as part of this strategy, developed large, diverse and dispersed nuclear forces that were maintained at high alert levels. The officially stated rationales for these forces were to deter the Soviet Union from attacking the United States and its allies with either conventional or nuclear weapons. The disintegration of the Soviet Union after the Cold War changed the nuclear policy due to three fundamental factors: 1) the likelihood of all-out war between the United States and Russia has drastically diminished; 2) the increase in regional conflicts no longer calls for nuclear deterrence; and, 3) the conventional forces are sufficient to deal with potential adversaries. (National Academy of Sciences 16-18) And

Immigration, Nationality and Asylum Law ( British Law) Essay

Immigration, Nationality and Asylum Law ( British Law) - Essay Example Additionally, the population of Britain is rising for the first time because the number of those who stay minus those who leave is positive and the trend is going to continue. Green claims that Britain already has "a severe congestion" (1). Because the density of population is higher than in India and in some places out measures the Netherlands. Moreover, the system of immigration is hugger-mugger by letting in all the kinsfolk and "quadruple [icating] the number of works permits" (Green 2). According to him migration has no limits and "the character of our society, and especially our cities, is being radically alerted." (2). Green also mentions that immigrants have been seeking to influence Britain's political parties; consequently Government should use severe policies to curb migration. Although Green is right worrying about the loss of national identity he overlooks very important facts as to why the migration is useful to Britain. The migration has always existed and will exist and "in both directions is natural and welcome" (Green 1). The fear to lose national identity is somewhat worth considering, but it depends on citizens themselves if they want to uphold the traditional country's values. Great Britain was the only country, which didn't impose any restrictions for the new EU members and it now is clearly seen that it has been the opportune policy. However, in this case the world-wide migration will not be considered because migration between European Union countries is more appealing to us as the competent citizens. One of the most appreciable pluses of immigration is that "the greater mobility of labour which comes with EU enlargement is beneficial to [Britain's] economy" (Clark 1). Migrants are not only useful for country's economy but also better, cheaper and harder- working. They come here to feel the free-market economy and are not spoiled as British, "who treat their workplace more as a social club" (Clark 1). Moreover, it is useful because the labour force from the new EU countries tend to stop the gap of British labour market. According to Tony McNulty, the Immigration minister: "Workers are contributing to our economy, paying tax and national insurance and filling key jobs in areas where there are gaps. We estimate registered workers contributed approximately Pounds 500 million to the UK economy between May 2004 and March 2005." Consequently, Britain will economically benefit; however the British workers may lose their jobs too. In addition to that, creating boundaries for the new EU co untries is disadvantageous and irrational because it "prolong[s] economic stagnation" (Rossant 1). Great Britain is the only one country which can improve the economic growth of the region, regenerate aged and spoiled workers and ensure the right of the promised free mobility. Closing door policy is also irrational because "continental economics can't respond flexibly to macroeconomics shifts" (Rossant 1). It means that in nowadays world we can't rely only on our countries' economy and the economy should be integrated world-wide. To sum it up, Green is right that immigration worries local people but they should understand the fact that it is useful for the economy and that's why they are able to live better. Green also asserts

Content Analysis (Conceptual)- How does New Mexico's (Albuquerque and Essay

Content Analysis (Conceptual)- How does New Mexico's (Albuquerque and Santa Fe) media (newspapers) portray issues of drought and water allocation in the state o - Essay Example The Albuquerque MSA population includes the city of Rio Rancho, one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, a hub for many master-planned communities which are expected to draw future businesses and residents to the area. According to the United States Census Bureau, Albuquerque has a total area of 181.3 square miles (469.6  km ²). 180.6 square miles (467.8  km ²) of it is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6  km ²) of it (0.35%) is water. The metro area has over 1,000 square miles developed. Albuquerque lies within the northern, upper edges of the Chihuahuan Desert ecoregion, based on long-term patterns of climate, associations of plants and wildlife, and landforms, including drainage patterns. Located in central New Mexico, the city also has noticeable influences from the adjacent Colorado Plateau Semi-Desert, Arizona-New Mexico Mountains, and Southwest Plateaus and Plains Steppe ecoregions, depending on where one is located. Its main geographic connection lies wi th southern New Mexico, while culturally, Albuquerque is a crossroads of most of New Mexico.†(Albuquerque, 2007) Wikipedia goes on to further detail the geography of the region as follows: â€Å"Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the United States, though the effects of this are greatly tempered by its southwesterly continental position. The elevation of the city ranges from 4,900 feet (1,490  m) above sea level near the Rio Grande (in the Valley) to over 6,400 feet (1,950  m) in the foothill areas of the Northeast Heights. At the airport, the elevation is 5,352 feet (1,631  m) above sea level. The Rio Grande is classified, like the Nile, as an exotic river because it flows through a desert. The New Mexico portion of the Rio Grande lies within the Rio Grande Rift Valley, bordered by a system of faults, including those that lifted up the adjacent Sandia and Manzano Mountains, while lowering the area where

The Power Of Music In Literature Research Paper

The Power Of Music In Literature - Research Paper Example This close connection helps to create a very solid understanding of the literature itself and can bring the audience’s own feelings and emotions deeply into the action. Music in literature can often be used to express mood in literature, and this expression can be stronger than using the written word alone. Examples of music’s strength can be found in drama, especially Shakespeare’s comedies and tragedies. Shakespeare often uses music to create a strong emotional tone. By implementing music in his plays, Shakespeare was able to transcend his mood from the action and characters into his audience. His technique was quite successful, and besides his fantastic writing skills, this ability to combine literature and music allowed him to successfully demonstrate the feelings of his characters to his audience. Music, therefore, can be more powerful than the written word alone in literature, and by taking a close look at Shakespeare and the way he both used and understood music, we can gain a solid understanding of how music can create a strong feeling of emotion in the audience, backing up the action set in the play or piece of fiction. â€Å"Music oft hath such a charm to make bad good,† Shakespeare states in Measure for Measure. Shakespeare, therefore, realized the power of music and its ability to create and stir emotion in his audience. Shakespeare also realized that music could make something that seemed otherwise bearable quite bearable. In fact, the bard was so fascinated by music that many of his characters mention its power in his plays. He often uses music as a metaphor to compare its power to certain feelings, and it seems that the mere mention of music helps to make the words spoken even stronger.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

English - Essay Example USA gained its independence from the Great Britain in 1776 while Canada was established in the year 1867. The currency within USA is called US dollar while within Canada, the same is known as the Canadian dollar. (Morton, 1999) USA is known as the superpower nation of the world while Canada is the second largest country in the world when it comes to total area. The military within USA comprises of the Army, the Marine Corps, the Navy, the Airforce and the Coast Guard and both USA and Canada share the world’s longest undefended border. The two countries co-operate with each other to safeguard the interests of one another and thus do joint exercises on a consistent basis. (Wright, 2001) They are trading partners of one another and get along very well too. In the end, it would be correct to state that both USA and Canada understand each other’s territorial philosophies pretty well and thus remain as good neighbors without a shadow of a

Analyze whether a dollar depreciation will improve the U.S. current Essay

Analyze whether a dollar depreciation will improve the U.S. current account deficit - Essay Example In other words, a nation is said to have a trade deficit if it is imports more than it exports. Such a situation will make  a country a net debtor to the rest of the world. However, in some cases current account deficit may not necessarily a bad thing for the developing countries. Current account deficits will encourage the developing countries to increase its local productivity which will be useful for that country in the long run. According to the statistics available for 2004-2005, U.S. holdings of foreign assets are around $ 8 trillion whereas foreign holdings of U.S. assets are around $ 10.7 trillion (Blanchard, n. d.p.6). In other words, United States is a debtor to foreign countries. The situation became worst in recent times because of the global financial crisis and the subsequent dipping US economy. The exchange value of U.S. dollar is a major parameter in increasing or decreasing the current account deficit of United States. When the exchange rates of US dollar increases , the current account deficits will also increase and when the exchange rates of U.S. dollar decreases, the current account deficits will also decreases. In other words, current account rates and the value of the dollar have direct relationships. This paper analyses the US dollar depreciation and its effects on America’s current account deficits. ... â€Å"The substantial depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of most industrial countries since early 2002 is presumably a manifestation of diminishing relative enthusiasm for U.S. dollar investments, at least where market forces operate without significant official involvement† (Mussa, 2007,p.4). Depreciation of dollar will discourage developed countries from investing in US dollars. Earlier, most of the foreign organizations invested heavily in US dollars because of the perception that US economy will never be destroyed and the dollar value will never be decreased. However, the recent recession and the subsequent financial crisis happened in United States have forced others to change their opinion. Thus dollar started to depreciate against most of the industrial country currencies and the effective foreign exchange value of the dollar has been reduced considerably over the last few years. Effective dollar depreciation, together with the relative strengthening of growth in other countries, has stabilized the U.S. external deficit when measured in real volume terms since late 2004; and the fourth quarter of 2006 will probably see a significant decline in this measure of the real payments deficit. The current account deficit as a share of GDP may also show a modest decline next year, especially if world oil prices remain below their average 2006 level (Mussa, 2007, p.4) â€Å"A depreciation of the U.S. dollar not only increases the dollar value of U.S. assets denominated in foreign currencies, but it also reduces the foreign currency value of U.S. liabilities, which are, essentially, all denominated in U.S. dollars† (International Financial Integration and the Current Account Balance, 2006, p.2). The

Passive Loss- Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Passive Loss- Taxation - Essay Example Passive activity Trade and rental activities are the two kinds of passive activities. In trade or business activities, the taxpayer does not take part in a material sense throughout the duration of the year, while in rental activities, it is regardless of the taxpayer's material participation unless he or she is into real estate by profession. Deducting passive loss from a taxpayer can only extend to their passive income. According to Section 469(c)(2), any rental activity is under the classification of passive activities unless the taxpayer will materially participate in a real property trade or business during the year as well as performing personal services exceeding 750 hours. Any excess of the 750 hours corresponds to more than 50% of the personal services that the taxpayer has carried throughout all trades or businesses. An activity may also be considered non-passive if it is under a lease entered into after Feb. 18, 1988, and in which the taxpayer is renting property to a trad e or business wherein the taxpayer has material participation. Taxpayers are entitled to as much as $25,000 passive losses deduction from a rental real estate activity if he or she owns at least a 10% interest and has active participation in the activity. The availability of the sum total of the $25,000 limit is dependent on whether the adjusted gross income (AGI) is less than $100,000, though even this has gone through a gradual phasing out as the AGI increased to $150,000. (Internal Revenue Code) Of late, the Tax Court ruled in favor of the IRS in two cases, without any real relation, on the same day which involved the passive loss regulations for rental activities. Due to the taxpayer's inability to establish his activities qualification as a real property trade or business which should fall under the exception of 469(c)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code, the court ascertained that the taxpayer's rental activity was passive. On the latter case, the court determined under the "self- rental" rule of Treasury Regulation that a taxpayer's rental activity was not passive. (Reichert, 2008) Another example is the case of Carolyn Fenderson who owns 10 rental housing units, coming up with an aggregated loss of $57, 906. She filed an amended 2002 tax return way back in 2005, which included the lists of the rental income and deductions on Schedule C. She has an AGI exceeding $150, 000 and is without other passive incomes. In order to deduce the $57,906 loss, treating the activity as a non-passive real property trade or business was a necessity. After scrutinizing her calendar records, the Tax Court only accepted 759 hours out of the 1,062 hours of personal service for the rental activity she was claiming, against the 780 hours on her other job as a software sales account manager, thereby failing the 50% test for the activity Gregory Farris had a 50% interest in a partnership, renting three buildings in 1985 to his law firm which he also had a partnership with. After the execution of a new lease in 1990, another was brought forth in 1992 due to the incorporation of the law firm because of the destruction of the original document. After Farris acquired sole ownership of the rental property, a new lease was once again brought forth in 2000. In the years 2000, 2001 and 2002, Farris' claim is such that the net passive income from the property were $34,839, $46,168, and $48,391, thus enabling him to deduct equal passive losses. The IRS

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example for Free

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a first person narrative of what appears to be a woman in the grip of madness. Written in the 19th century, it has been considered a gothic horror story, assuming that the narrator is not having hallucinations, but is actually seeing evil spirits. The more likely analysis is that the woman is suffering a nervous breakdown brought on by postpartum depression. The Yellow Wallpaper can be seen as a condemnation of the accepted psychotherapeutic treatment of the late 19th century, when what appears to be benign neglect was prescribed. The narrator’s husband, described as a physician, says that she is suffering from a ‘temporary nervous depression—a slight hysterical tendency,’ (2). It is known that she is isolated from the rest of the household and confined to a room decorated in yellow wallpaper. This wallpaper quickly becomes an obsession. There is the possibility that the narrator is insane and none of what she tells the reader is true. Possibly she never had a baby and her insanity is more pronounced than is first assumed. There is no way to know for certain, but the author has let it be known that the work is vaguely autobiographical and she was not insane, but rather depressed. Her hallucinations are a further symptom of postpartum depression, though the reader is not told whether or not a physiological cause for her behavior has been ruled out. Her condition worsens. Her dissociative behavior and cognitive dysfunction, as she walks the room in an endless loop, failing to recognize her husband on the floor, seems evident. Her delusion of being trapped in the yellow wallpaper is noteworthy (15). It is difficult to evaluate a work of fiction when the author is deliberately vague, but the available evidence points to what may be a hormonal imbalance, leading to postpartum depression, hallucinations, cognitive dysfunction, delusions and madness. Bibliography Gilman, C. , 1989, The Yellow Wallpaper and Other Writings, New York: Bantum Books

Study of the book something to declare

Study of the book something to declare The purpose of analyzing the book of essays Something to Declare by Julia Alvarez is to establish the differences between Dominican and American culture. All along the book, she defines the two cultures within the 24 essays in which she relates her life in all aspects with fully-described details. Our criteria in selecting the topic of cultural contrast between the two countries, is in order to raise the differences and similarities of the cultures which have always had a good relationship in economic and business matters. We focused our interest on this issue because of the cultural shock and the process of acculturation experienced but the author when she was only a ten year-old girl, and as a result, that event has transformed her life into a creative and multidimensional writer. This interesting book is divided in two parts. The first part is regarding her customs; the family drama (when Julia and her family had to leave their native country), her arriving to the United States, her refusal to adopt another culture and language, her transitional identity, and how finally she became a bicultural woman and writer. The second part describes the passion that Julia feels towards Literature, especially, the writing aspect. She openly explained the deep desire she has ever had of writing, as well as the routine she has developed through the years to do what she loves the most. Julia also tells about the struggle she had to overcome during the beginning of her career as a writer. The selection of the Julia Alvarez as the center of our research is due to her great literary work throughout her career. Even though she has spent most of her life living in the United States, she has succeeded internationally writing about her Dominican roots and Dominican culture, which is very remarkable. Her wonderful work wrote on papers is more than enough reason to select her autobiography as the subject of our analysis. In the introductory part of this investigation, is the biography. It relates chronologically Julias life from a more abstract view; combining personal and literary aspects all at once. Following the bio are the literary activities, which focus the glance on the awards and the books she has published so far. The third part contains the historical background of the book. It describes the time and places when the story was developed, as well as the events that occurred at the time. Furthermore, it includes the presidents of the two countries as the author relates her experiences through the years. The characters and the summary are the next parts, which are an excerpt taken from the book to give an idea about the interesting content of the essays. On the other hand, the literary critics shows the point of view of important people, magazines and newspapers about Something to Declare. Finally, we analyzed the essays from a very particular perspective. We took Julias own words to show the contrast between the two cultures she belongs to. The examples displayed along the analysis demonstrate that the authors heart is divided in two nations: the Dominican Republic and the United States. 1.2 LITERARY ACTIVITIES. In 1997 Alvarez published I! All in reflections and criticism could itself Alvarezs literary success. In the Name of Salome (2000), this book has been widely acclaimed for her careful historical research. 1.3 LITERARY CRITICS Alvarez ´s new book embraces readers as if she were opening the door for unexpected guests. -The Orlando Sentinel. Spry, inviting writingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Alvarez has clearly made her second language her own. -Entertainment Weekly. A valuable collection of essaysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦introduces writing as a craft full of awareness. And this awareness gives Alvarez a voice that promises to continue to declare itself. -Christian Science Monitor. Evocative, touching, often amusingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Alvarezs fluid style blends personal history with insight. Her book is a must-read for anyone who loves and struggles with writing, and it is a witness to the ability of the human soul to renew itself daily. -The Tampa Tribune. In this collection, Alvarez artfully reveals how and why she writes. -The Hartford Courant. JULIA ALVAREZ is the author of the critically acclaimed novels  ¡Yo!, In the Time of the Butterflies (a National Book Critics Circle Award Finalist), and How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents. Ms. Alvarez is also the author of collections of poetry, The Other Side/El OtroLado and Homecoming (all available in Plume editions). She lives with her husband in Vermont. Julia Alvarez is a writer on a different kind of edge. _The Nation. Vibrantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Something to Declare at the same time reveals and masks whats upsetting with an abundance of humor and a measure of self-denigration. Bloomsbury Review. Alvarez wields her legendary storytellers power to hold an audience spellbound while enlarging its vision through the deft use of empathy. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. To be read slowly and carefully, as a special gift from a writer whose skill and enthusiasm have enriched the country she now considers her home. Anniston Star (Alabama). Poignantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ironicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The writing transcends itself and becomes a new consciousness, a new place on the map. The Virginian-Pilot. (Alvarez) paints with vibrant, earthy clarityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Open and lively. Publishers Weekly. A wonderful literary and biographical gift for both aspiring writers, teachers of literature, and fans of Julia Alvarez _Bookwatch. Simply wonderful. The novel becomes more powerful with each passing chapter. -Los Angeles Times In the Time of the Butterflies potent and luminousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ confirms Julia Alvarez as a Latin American storyteller whose voice we need to hear. _The Philadelphia Inquirer. An important book. Alvarez has given us a gift of rare generosity and courage. _The San Diego Union-Tribune. Wonderfulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ richà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ skillfully weaves fact and fiction, building to a gut-wrenching climax. Newsweek Doubly blessed with a poets vision and a realists eye, Alvarez gives us lessons about the courage and vitality of the female spirit, the webs and tangles that bind families, piety and activism, loyalty and fear, faith and love. _The Miami Herald  ¡Yo! About the writer and her lies, her truths, her passions the way she uses, needs, loves, and takes, all at the same timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She carries us along on waves of laughter and an undercurrent of pain. _Elle A novel of amazing richness and magnanimity, a sophisticated work of art that is also warmly accessible to the ordinary reader. San Francisco Chronicle. From the internationally acclaimed author of the bestselling novels in the Time of the Butterflies, and. The twenty-four personal essays that make up Something to Declare are like snapshots rendered in prose, capturing the life and mind of an artist as she meditates on the dual themes of coming to America and becoming a writer. Part One, Customs. Is a loving tribute to family and an examination of the specific effects of exile fleeing dictatorship in the Dominican Republic, the shock of arriving in New York City, training a Spanish tongue to speak English, and watching the Miss America pageant for clues to translate ones looks into made-in-the-U.S.A. beauty. Part Two, Declarations, celebrates Alvarezs enduring passion for words and the writing life. From First Muse, a valentine to Scheherazade, who proved the great power of storytelling, to So Much Depends, a reflection on the influence of fellow bicultural writers William Carlos Williams and Maxine Hong Kingston, to Ten of My Writing Commandments, an inspiring list for any aspiring writer, these essays are filled with humor and insight _a generous gift to readers and writer everywhere. A pleasure to readà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Alvarez speaks directly to her readers in these essays offering insight into the inspiration and craft that informs her workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a thoughtful self-analysis and a delightful primer on becoming a writer. _Denver Post. Julia Alvarez is a breathtaking writer. _St. Petersburg Times From the internationally acclaimed author of the bestselling novels in the Time of the Butterflies, and. The twenty-four personal essays that make up Something to Declare are like snapshots rendered in prose, capturing the life and mind of an artist as she meditates on the dual themes of coming to America and becoming a writer. 1.4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND From 1930 to 1961 in the Dominican Republic lived an intense situation at all levels, especially literary level, since most of the poets, storytellers, artists, had to go into exile in order not to have the opinion Trujillista. Others stayed but did not develop their creative, and if they did it was in favor of President Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, no strange the spiritual manifestation that there was no space, and so exist in many Latin American countries. Dominican literature is marked by the influence of European literature in particular of French literature, but has its own identity and a force that politicians love to men Contemporary literature mostly originates in the Dominican diaspora in New York, the works focus on the difficulties of daily life in the Dominican Republic, among contemporary writers is Julia Alvarez. In the beginning of the eighteenth and nineteenth century American literature took most of it inspiration from Europe. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the American novelist extended to the social significance of his works of fiction to cover both the lives of wealthy people as those of marginalized groups. Political events between 1961 and 1965 served to youth so freely express whatever the Trujillo tyranny that had prevented them. Poetry was one of the main resources used by these young people to act out their political and social concerns; as well as, to combat corruption that broke into nearly every corner of the Dominican society. The Dominican Republic experienced a very difficult political situation between 1961 and 1978, during this period several historical events occurred that abruptly changed political and social thought and the course of literary and cultural activities in the country, among them are: The physical death of Trujillo, which in no way means the disappearance of the shadow of the tyrant, the rise of Juan Bosch to power in February 1963, and the unexpected military coup that ousted seven months later, the war in April 1965, which left the second disastrous U.S. military occupation in the Dominican Republic, the election of Joaquin Balaguer as president, who was intolerable to those who continued to fight for libertarian principles peaked by the makers of the revolution in April 1965. Some of the events occurred in United States in the 1960s, The popular literary genres, such as Oriental literature and mystery novels have had a great development in the United States, for its part, particularly in recent years is considered the Spanish literature in the United States as an expression of the growing cultural phenomenon the Hispanic population and the Spanish language in this country. United State Economy and Politics (1960) After World War II, the GNP increased from 200.000 million in 1940, 300.000 million in 1950 to more than 500.000 million in 1960. More and more Americans joined the middle class. There were many sources of growth. The automotriz industry, it became exclusively a creator of tanks and bombers, and the new industry of aviation and electronics grew. In addition to this expansion, the workforce also changed. Unions won contracts for employees working long quickly focused its price. Six of the eleven presidential elections since World War II have resulted in a change of political party in the White House. Three times, the Democrats were replaced for Republicans (1952, 1968 and 1980) and three others, the Democrats moved to the Republicans (1960, 1976 and 1992). During each of these campaigns, the winning candidate had promised a foreign policy completely different from what was the sitting president of another party. However, once invested with his office, followed the lines of his predecessors relations with other countries. Bipartisanship in foreign policy is deeply rooted in American political culture. The created climate change; and his endorsement of advancing free trade in the Americas. 2.1 CHARACTERS Julia Alvarez she is a fighter woman, who defies the traditional customs in which she was brought up, all to achieve her goal of becoming a famous writer. Alvarez is a wonderful woman, very intellectual, with a vision of progress. She wisely, faces obstacles, and does not see it as such, but, as life experiences, which they did not prevent her achieving her dream of becoming an artist of Literature. Daddy: Julias father, though a little introverted, is a man who is proud of his family. This character is attached to what are the traditional customs of the time, in which only men were enjoyed certain privileges. He was a man who liked economize, and sometimes did not say things directly, he liked speaking in parables. Mommy:Alvarezs mother is a woman who the contrary of her father tries to adopt and introduce their daughters to what is American culture, which is very different from the Dominican one, the latter being where are their true origins. An example of this is when being at home even longer, Julia speaking mixing the two languages (English and Spanish), what we commonly call Spanglish, her mother repeated the idea, but only in English, as a clever way to correct her. Julia ´s grandfatherThe grandfather was a fine and elegant man, very good manners, whom Julia received wise counsel. He was a United Nations diplomat. Due to his trips to countries like Spain and others, assimilated morality, which were taught to her grandchildren. He had a good sense of humor, and like Julia, is passionate with music and poetry, but put aside her passion for art, giving priority to what was taking care of his family, as cited: Very familial, Said everyone of my grandfather, a family man. Bill: Julia Alvarezs husband, a doctor and farmer from Nebraska. Aunt Tità ­: She was a simple woman; showing little regard for their physical attributes, but loving reading. Sister Maria Generosa: English teacher. This intelligent woman had a particular form to teach, which she attracted attention of her students. Misià ¡: was a Haitian maid of Alvarez ´s home, whom liked much the voodoo sections. Don Josà © de Jesà ºs: Julias uncle. a man who was rowdy with women, he had sired twenty-five children, was widowed once, kept a couple of mistresses who raised the figure to thirty-plus children. Utcho: a cousin of de writer, whom she called uncle, because he was so much older than he was. Dilita: who was a hybrid. She looked just like the other Dominican girls, with a teased hairdo, wore makeup, outfits and was a rebel girl. Manuel Gustavo (Mangu): Julia à lvarez firstboyfriend. He was a honey-young man with wonderful dimples and pot belly. Father Doby: a church lawyer and a member of La Crosse diocese. Father James: member of the shrine. Donna: Mary Anns youngest daughter 2.2 SUMMARY a) Grandfathers Blessing: Grandfathers Blessing is the first story that begins this interesting book of essays, in which Julia Alvarez talks about her family life and the messages she received at that time in relation to her womans condition. Although the author speaks of her experiences about her family and entertaining conversations with her grandfather, the author makes a small approach to the situation that existed in the country at that time, the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo. The oppression was so great that people were persuaded and forced to leave their belongings, if so desired the chief, as she says: One evening the SIM, the military intelligence service, meat for my grandfather and put him in jail for two days. He was not torture, but persuaded to sell a part of historical land price for the minimum to the daughter of the dictator. Here J. Alvarez mentioned her aunt Titi, which was simple, showing little regard for her their physical attributes, but loving reading. She also mentions her widowed aunt, who has three very young children, although a bit mischievous, own of their age, each had an ideal about what they wanted to be in the future. Grandfathers Blessing is just the story that the author makes does about the great support she has always received with respect to their desire to be a writer by her grandfather, even where his career was still just a dream. b) Our Papers This essay takes place in the old house in Boca Chica, where stayed the whole family on vacation, but then, in 1960, and being at home in the capital, Alvarez say of the ability that took his father to take as a pretext studying heart surgery, in order to get a visa for his family (his wife and four daughters), and so escape the oppressive government of that time; as well as, the intelligence of her godmother to achieve persuading the chief, all to get their papers to travel outside the country. In addition, the author talks about the fear she felt to come to America and face a new culture, where the main change was the need to speak a language they did not dominated, English. Neither had she they liked to get away from her aunts and cousins. She tells that since being established in New York, she missed her life in her country of origin. J. Alvarez reflected whether in fact these papers meant freedom in a foreign country, or indeed, the privation of what they truly enjoyed, which made them happy in the Dominican Republic, as quoted: I wonder if those papers free us from September had everything we loved. c) My English J. Alvarez mentions Carol Morgan School as the first step to master English language, refers to the motivation that always received by her mother, who was the driving force for her and her sisters learn this important language, which the author talks how difficult it was for her master. She was so used to Spanish, so they went through the ridicule of their classmates. She makes mention of his uncle Gus, the youngest of the brothers of her mother, who was very intellectual. This essay refers to the shock that she was to arrive in New York, and how difficult it was, since she spoke Spanish and English, and she saw it as a very difficult language. She says she began to feel love for English, thanks to Sister Maria Generosa. This teacher attracted the interest of whiter in that language with her entertaining way to teach, which was puting to writing in a relaxing form, putting her your imagination, writing the topic of their preference, and not insisting on what she was boring: Grammar Rules, The teacher used to explain that students end with a great understanding of the language d) My Second Opera Alvarez in this essay, refers to her life already living in New York, and taking even ten years. Here the reader realizes the little motivation she felt at the beginning to attend the opera, which was an event that bored her enough, contrary to the voodoo ceremonies she so enjoyed of her Caribbean country, which she met by her maid Haitian Misià ¡. Alvarez agreed with her grandmother to go instead of her to accompany her grandfather to go to see Aida, the show, because she did not like to participate in these events, which were part of the social life of a diplomat like her grandfather. In this story, Julia also explains how she missed her culture in the Dominican Republic, and how difficult it was to assimilate her new life in America, even sharing these classic events. Then, with Aida, she began to feel attracted to the opera, : I Became an opera fan and also a wily intrigued,, the latter referring to how smart she had become, as learned to use this activity to get everything she wanted, with respect to her grandmother. Here, the author lets see again how she was attached to their Dominican roots, and still felt little adaptation in their new country. e) I Want to Be Miss America This story takes place in Queens, New York. J. Alvarez refers the interest of her and her sisters to enter in all what concerns with the culture of their new country of adoption and Miss America was a contest that called them enough attention since so they could see in each one of the contestants on American look, which they wanted to look, but really seeing the competition, they observed that although there were girls with looks simple, something that made them begin to feel comfortable and not as strangers were also others in which her beauty was so perfect that made her think that this beauty was not as natural, but rather girls were made. She did not think women were only created to be good mothers and wives but also capable of being successful professional, useful to society, something that could be said it was opposed to their native culture. But despite this enthusiasm, this successful writer always knew she could not be Miss America, not only for their physical appearance, which was very different from those girls, but also because she had to feel it. On the other hand, while they wanted to be as native, her classmates wanted to look like them, so this made them feel accepted in that country. Although she continues feeling foreign, she consider the United States as her homeland. f) I Want To Be Miss America The essays deals mainly with the change of identity in which they were involved, both the writer and his sisters, trying to be different, because they were in a country different from them, which ought to fit.* We Would Have to translate our looks Into Ingles, iron and tweeze them out; straighten Them, Them into mold Made-in-the-USA beauty (This referring to their hair.) Also refers to the beauty, showing in the contests, that most of the time is just edible. Their voices rang with false cheer. You could hear, not far off, years of high-school cheerleading, pom-poms, bleachers full of moon-eyed boys, and moms on phones, signing them up for all manner of lessons and making appointments dentist. It talks about the help of his parents, which had provided the needed, making mention of a family, although they are in foreign land, stuck together, which helped them cope with less trauma. g) El Doctor The main theme of this essay is the need to save, no matter even if they had enough to spend. But my rich father lived in the dark. Saving string, going the long way. Her dad turned off the lights all the time, though she was reading and it was dark. She mentioned the lifestyle of her father and refers to a possible infidelity, besides the good behavior of the mother; family union is noticed even in the difficulties that might exist. h) La Gringuita On Losing a Native Language Here, the author refers to the cultural changes that were involved, especially. Also, she recounts the difficulties of not accepting a new culture, what would prevent the adaptation to the new home. It refers to the first loving relationship of the author, who was in the land of origin, on a visit they made. In addition, it talks about her husband, who is American, born in a Nebraska farm and is also a doctor, like her father. It refers to the first loving relationship of the author, who was in the land of origin, on a visit they made. In addition, it talks about her husband, who is American, born in a Nebraska farm and is also a doctor, like her father. i) Picky Eater This essay talks about the eating habits of the writer and her husband, calling herself a picky eater. It refers to the needs of maintaining a healthy diet to keep a good fit and also save time for using it on more important things, specifically to writing. Also, it refers to the difficulties that existed in her native country to eat food prepared in the streets, which could make them sick; due to low hygiene they were prepared. The author speaks of some bad experience at mothers home, related to one food that she did not like and she was forced to eat: engrudo. This essay reveals the change in the lifestyle of both countries, mainly related to food, due to the difference in culture. Even as partners they had different food habits, they learned to understand each other, and they shared the table as well as the food preparation, always helping each other. That activity gave them a complete well being at home. j) Briefly, a Gardener The author shows the importance of helping each other between her and her husband tasks, regardless of whether they are different. Ive tried to share his passion with him, just as he has tried to share mine. Many a weekend morning, Ive had before a new manuscript sat with strict instructions to be critical,. This produces a positive effect on couples, resulting to a lasting marriage and an organized family. k) Imagining Motherhood The author, like all women, displayed the anxiety of not having children, almost being a 40 year-old woman. She justified herself in the profession as a writer, so she had no time to be a mother. Also, it refers to the difficulty to find a good father to her baby. She felt depressed when she saw someone in her family with children, or when someone made reference to the subject. A woman who does not care have a child is considered foolish at best. At worst, as I heard one lecturer proclaim, she is committing genetic suicide. The essay refers to the idea of adoption, but then she withdraws it, remaining childless. l) A Genetic of justice Julia Alvarez narrates the suffering of her family when she was 10 years. She says that her family lived under a big pressure due to the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina. She also tells about her mothers life and the way that she kept her children far away from the eye of the dictator because of his appetite for pretty and young girls. . When her mother married her father she knew all regarding the dictatorship, many lost their lives in unsuccessful attempts to return the country to democracy in that time. Her father was very lucky when he was young; he escaped to Canada where he live for a while, running away to save his life. A few months later, he came back to the country and after a time, her mother wondered why he had returned, if they knew that things were very bad in this country, but, the pressure of his friends in the north led him to come back to the land where Trujillo claimed to be the release of the regime. Her parents behaved as best they could because they had four daughters and could not take any risk with them. As a result, since he was a young doctor, when he saw that things got tough, he asked permission to go to make a specialty to another country. . Yet she thanked her parents for having installed in her through their suffering, a desire for freedom and justice. m) Family Matters She writes that since she became a public writer, her family tried to figure out where she got that talent, they determined that she probably acquired the genes from her father and uncles. One of her uncles was a poet, but she says her genes as a writer, in fact, come directly from her father. But when they migrated to the United States, her father had to get started again to practice medicine, her father abandoned the ambition of wanting to write books because he still

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Essay -- Essays Papers

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs When one thinks of what families do for each other, they will most likely think of care. More specifically they think of the care that a parent has for their child. Parents have to meet certain â€Å"needs† for the child in order for the its healthy survival. Children must be fed and clothed. Parents must also watch over the safety of and be the friends of the children. Cheering on in good times and making their child the best it can be are also responsibilities of parents. The family metaphor is used when describing the Human Relations method of management. In this the management of a company is seen as the parents and the employees are seen as the children. Employees, as seen as the children also have certain needs as well. These needs are very similar. Abraham Maslow did studies of the basic needs of human beings. He put these needs into a hierarchical order. This means that until the need before it has been satisfied, the following need can not be met (Encyclopedia, 2000). For example, if someone is hungry they are not thinking too much about socializing. In the order from lowest to highest the needs are psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The first three are classified as lower order needs and the last two are higher order (Hierarchy, 2000). Without meeting these needs workers are not going to be as productive as they could otherwise. The first three are considered to be essential to all humans at all times. The last two have been argued but are mostly considered to be very important as well. A person’s behavior at one specific point in time usually controls their attitude at that time. Managers must be able to understand these basic needs of their workers. If these needs are not dealt with in a certain correct way than workers will not reach their maximum potential. If the lower order of needs is not met than people are not happy. The same can be said of the higher order. Food, water, sleep, and sensory gratification are all at the top of the hierarchy. These and other needs are considered to be part of the psychological needs. These rest at the top of the hierarchy because they are the essence to basic human survival. The list of these needs can be much larger or shorter depending of personal opinion. Maslow himself said that said â€Å"it would be po... ..., safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. He put these needs in a pyramid shape; meaning that without the prior need met the next need can not be met. Managers must know that people must have these certain needs met before they can be productive. If someone is hungry of worried about their safety than they will not be as great of an asset as someone who has these needs met. Not only do managers need to recognize these needs but they also need to find a way to satisfy the needs of their workers. References Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (2000). Maslow, Abraham. Encyclopedia Britannica [online]. Available: (www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/410,5716,52534+1,00.html). Goble, F.G. (1970). The Third Force. New York: Grossman Publishers. Heirarchy of Needs, Abraham Maslow (2000). [online]. Available: (www.itconsultancy.com/backround/maslow/index.html). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (2000). [online]. Available: (www.connect.net/georgen/maslow.html). Miller, K. (1999). Organizational Communication. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Wilson, C. (1972). New Pathways in Psychology. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company.

reasonable doubt :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Burden Worth Having I don’t quite remember what I was doing in Baltimore. Suddenly, through a chain of random events, I ended up in jail for grand larceny. Although I was confident of my innocence, even my best friends testified against me. I found no hope in our judicial system. Fortunately, I could escape that situation. My alarm rang, and I woke up. Others, however, don’t have that option. Such is the story of Kirk Bloodsworth. In 1985, he was sent to death row accused of killing and raping a 9-year-old girl from Maryland. In 1992, when DNA testing was in its infancy, Bloodsworth pushed for a DNA test to prove he was not the killer. It was not a match. The state of Maryland set him free and paid him $300,000 for wrongful imprisonment. The government’s burden to prove â€Å"beyond a reasonable doubt† the culpability of a suspect is ideal because it represents the recognition, on the part of the government, that our judicial system is not infallible, as Mr. Bloodsworth’s case points out. When instituted in the late 18th century, the burden of proof was a response to arbitrary arrests for political or economic interests. The government’s decision to enact the burden of proof symbolizes the popular resentment of these violations of liberty. Hence, the principle of â€Å"it is better for 10 guilty men to go free than for one innocent man to go to prison.† The United States has historically promoted the rights of man and liberty. The sentencing of an innocent person not only displays the inefficiency of a government’s judicial system to uphold these values, but also the irreversible damage done to the individual. The pressure that law enforcement officials face from the public to find closure to cases highlight one reason why the burden of proof is essential in the judicial system. When a police department cannot find suspects to charge for a crime, it is then seen as a failure on its part. In October, a rally was organized against the death penalty in Houston, Texas. Amnesty International revealed 180 boxes containing unexamined files with vital information about cases involving prisoners on death row. Potential evidence that could lead to the exoneration from death row of these individuals was not taken into consideration during their trials. This revelation demonstrates how law enforcement officials and the judicial system can carelessly make mistakes and why the burden of proof is necessary.

Environmental Conflicts In Literature :: essays research papers

Conflicts are a very prominent element in literature. If you were to look up the dictionary definition of â€Å"conflict†, you would find that it is a â€Å"struggle, controversy, or fight.† Conflicts can take many forms, and each has its own place in literature. Environmental conflicts are certainly one of the more recognized and appreciated types of conflicts. They are easy to identify, understand, and analyze. An environment can be described as one’s surroundings, so logically, an environmental conflict is a conflict with one’s surroundings. Environmental conflicts pit man against a greater power, and it is unsure what will happen next. Throughout [good] literature, a vast array of environmental conflicts can be found. Let us take a look at â€Å"Leiningen Versus the Ants,† by Carl Stephenson. In this story, environmental conflicts are exceedingly prevalent. In fact, the entire story is built upon the â€Å"act of God† that Leiningen faces. A twenty square mile army of ants threatens Leiningen’s plantation and his life. The ants prove to be a formidable opponent, even for a man of such cunning as Leiningen. They represent the power and unpredictability of nature—a perfect example of an environmental conflict. Not all environmental conflicts are huge, apocalyptic, catastrophic events. They can be as simple or commonplace as a tree falling. Such is the case in â€Å"The Interlopers,† by Saki. Saki recognizes the power of nature, and makes use of something so unimportant as a fallen tree to trap Ulrich and Georg beneath it, and dramatically alter the course of the entire story. Not only that, but at the end of the story, Saki uses wolves to change the direction of the story once more, and this time he creates some irony as well. In almost all cases, the environment does triumph over man in some way or another. â€Å"To Build a Fire,† by Jack London is a prime example of this happening to a large extent. A man and his dog are lost in the wilderness at sub-zero temperatures, and he is not only involved in an environmental conflict, but a struggle to live. Eventually the man dies of hypothermia. Again, this is another instance that illustrates the power that nature has over us.

Removal of tea breaks in the company Essay

It has been noted that many employees have been taking their tea break for more than an hour. The tea break is only supposed to be for thirty minutes, from 10h00-10h30. The customers have been complaining about poor service and it has come to my attention that the reason poor service is being provided to our customers is because of the long tea break hours. This gives a very bad impression to the customers and visitors and it reflects badly on the company. Staffs are reminded that tea breaks will no longer be taken as from 10 September 2012 until further notice. The decision to remove the tea breaks was taken by 70% of the staff members, who all voted to remove tea breaks. Staff should note the following points: * Because of the removal of the tea breaks, lunch has been extended for an extra thirty minutes. As from 10 September 2012, lunch will begin at 12h30 -14h00. * All employees are expected to be in their offices at all times, from 08h00 until lunch time. Should any of the employees feel like taking a break during working hours, permission should be asked from their immediate supervisors. * The company kitchen will be open and available for use at all hours, however, employees are asked not to stand around and chat in the kitchen during working hours. * No eating is permitted in the offices during working hours. Please do not hesitate to contact me should you have any questions.

Operations Management: Quadruples Restaurant Case Essay

Can these kinds of customer response data be obtained reliably, systematically, and cheaply enough for a restaurant? If so, how? This type of data could be gotten by adding survey questions to a receipt given to a customer with a few questions relating to the Pareto chart (Ex B). This can also be done by observation of host (ess) when times are not busy noting customers body language. Also managers can go around to tables and ask how their meal was, and if anything was unsatisfactory. The important thing is to have a log of this data, which can be analyzed, at the end of each week and solutions implemented at the beginning of each week to try and resolve problems quickly as they develop. One type of bias the restaurant may have to worry about is the concept of â€Å"self-selection†, where a person who has a bad experience is more likely to voice their opinion than one who has not. Another great example of how this data can be obtained is through benchmarking and competitive analysis, looking at how other competitors deal with their problems and applying the best solution to a given case. Benchmarking can easily help provide better service to customers by applying the â€Å"best practices† found in leading restaurants. Which of the Exhibit B complaints are natural targets for continuous improvement in the restaurant (or any enlightened firm), thus, perhaps, not requiring solicitation of customer inputs to reveal the target for problem solving? The of course obvious and most logical answer would be all elements could be improved upon. As we’ve discussed in class, â€Å"if you aren’t improving your product/service your loosing ground.† However I choose ones that could immediately be implemented through better training of the servers/busboys. In referencing the Pareto Chart of Complaints: Room too drafty, Table not clean, Buffet table not well organized, Missing utensil at place setting, no ashtray on table, and had to wait too long for coffee could all be elements of continuous improvement. An example of how a problem could be solved is  (G), simply setting up a smoking section where ashtrays are a mainstay at the table, if this cannot be implemented simply having the host(ess) after asking smoking/non bring a ashtray to the table, or after determining the size of the party have the host (ess) gather the utensils (the basket under the greeting table) before showing them to their table. The one I said could not be immediately improved upon is the room being too drafty, this may require a more physical solution such as adding another set of doors to the entrance thus alleviating draft cause through the entranceway. The solutions can be developed through training the staff, (i.e. busboys, servers, host (ess)) to have a mental checklist of what needs to go on a table before it is ready to be sat, and having the host (ess) make sure they are seating people in the appropriate section (i.e. enough utensils, ashtrays, etc). All of the complaints in Exhibit B clearly are things customers would notice. If restaurant staff, instead of customers, were asked to express their complaints, suggest at least five complaints that would probably come forth. To what extent could the staff’s mind-set be altered so that they would worry about the same things as customers? How could this change occur? 1) Angry/disgruntled customers – low tips, not due to service 2) Too many tables designated at a time for one person 3) Too many hours – better scheduling 4) Managers who don’t consider the individual – not concerned about your problems 5) Kitchen not staffed adequately during peak times – customers are angry and take it out on servers A way of getting staff’s mindset to change is remind them of all their bad experiences in restaurants, getting the staff to own the problem. This can  be done in a monthly training sessions where customer complaints are voiced to all the staff showing them that there is a problem. Even showing how better service can mean more money to them is a high motivator. Show that you are going to make changes to better both the customer and the staff to make the workplace an environment where information is freely shared and solutions can be brought â€Å"in house† before going for outside the restaurant (i.e. corporate). Most importantly market each improvement, boast to your staff about how quickly problems are resolved, make your restaurant the one others are trying to benchmark for your best practices.

Advertising & Marketing

â€Å"Advertising may be described as the science of arresting human intelligence long enough to get money from it.† This quote as stated by Stephen Lealock who was a renowned economist and humorist gives an ideal description of the category of advertising that I would be flowing in this paper.There are several com/how-does-advertisement-influence-peoples-behaviour/">kinds of advertising techniques that can be followed but the implementation of any one depends upon the nature of the product. When persuading the target market into buying a product that they do not necessarily need, the medium that would be chosen should be able to lay impact so as the consumer may not be able to ignore it. An idyllic media for this type of advertising is the use of television ads or promos.Advertising is a form of above-the-line promotion as it is usually directed towards the appropriate target market by selecting certain media but it is likely that many people who are unlikely to purchase the product might see the advertisement too.Advertisements are often classified into two types; informative advertisement, which are the adverts that give information about the product such as the price, main features or technical specifications.The other form is Persuasive advertising, which is the process of creating a distinct brand image or identity and it may not contain details or specifications about the product.There are a number of factors that affect the choice of medium that is to be used for advertisements. The major considerations are of the cost of advertising, the size of the audience, the message to be communicated, the law and other constraints.Television ads are a form of broadcast advertisements and it is one of the most popular advertising medium that there is. The issues that need to be considered when launching television advertisement include the duration of the advertisement, the time of broadcast and the channel on which the advertisement would be broadcasted. A ll these factors need to be considered with respect to the target audience.When selling a product that is not a necessity or requirement for the people, it would be feasible to use the persuasive advertisement approach. First, the target audience needs to be recognized. Television has the advantage of catering to a large audience and of being a more active and dynamic form of advertisement.It is important for television commercials to be attractive and eye catching. The content of the ads would reflect the target audience. For example, when addressing teenagers, a celebrity appearance in an ad could be influential. Similarly, humor, script and other factors need to be considered according to the market that is being targeted.A new revolution in television ads is the documentary style ads, which is a new concept in television commercials where commercials are created in such a fashion that they seem more like television content and hence, retain more customers.In conclusion, it shoul d be stated that television advertisements are said to be the most influential in mass marketing as they attract the consumers and hook an interest in them about the product. Moreover, with upcoming concepts such as the documentary style advertisements, viewers do not feel that their television programs are being interrupted and do not skip these commercials.Therefore, television can target a large market, and can psychologically persuade them into developing an interest in the product and thus buying something that they did not really need prior to the advertisement.Works CitedBaker, M.J (2001). Marketing: critical perspective on business and management. Taylor and Francis.

Illegal Imigrants Should Be Allowed Essay

This spring, approximately 2. 8 million high school seniors will graduate from various schools around the country. Many will continue their education at college; others will join the armed forces or take another path in life. However, a group of about 65,000 students will be unable to continue on their paths due to their status as illegal immigrants (Dream). Because of their status of illegal immigrants, it is extremely difficult for them to better their way of life. Therefore, illegal immigrants should be allowed to attend public universities. Illegal immigrants are already allowed to attend our public schools from the lementary level all the way through high school. The 1982 Supreme Court decision in Plyler v. Doe ruled that public schools are prohibited from denying immigrant students access to public schools (Plyler). The court found that undocumented children have the same right to a free public education and are obligated to attend school until they reach the age mandated by state law. Since then, many undocumented immigrants have passed through the public education system. Currently, it is believed that as many as 4. 9 million undocumented students are attending public schools (Immigration). However, it is difficult to know the exact umber because of their status as undocumented immigrants. One thing that is known for sure is the number will continue to rise, leaving more and more students with undecided futures after graduation. However, the ability for illegal immigrants to attend public universities has largely been left up to the states. Currently, South Carolina is the only state that prohibits illegal immigrants from attending public universities and colleges that receive state funding; although North Carolina and Alabama both prohibit undocumented people from attending community colleges (Coley). On the other end of the spectrum, nine tates including California, Nebraska, and Texas all offer in-state tuition to illegal immigrants (College). New Jersey is also in the process of deciding whether or not to offer in-state tuition to illegal immigrants. Although the states are the only ones to have passed legislation regarding undocumented immigrants attending public universities, there is legislation currently making its way through Congress. The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, also known as the DREAM Act, could bring about major changes. It was first introduced in 2007, but failed to make it past the Senate floor. Then this past spring, Senator Durbin from Illinois reintroduced the piece of legislation. Under the currently proposed DREAM Act, undocumented immigrant students would be given the opportunity to attend institutions of higher education and be able to obtain legal, permanent residency. According to the 2009 version of the Senate bill, DREAM Act beneficiaries must have proof of arriving in the United States before age 16 and live in the United States for five consecutive years since their date of arrival. They would also have to be between the ages of 12 and 35 at the time of bill enactment, btain a high school diploma, and have good moral character (Dream). Any opportunity to attend public universities and possibly achieve legal residency. This piece of legislation is expected to bring some heavy debate in the spring and could bring on some important changes if passed. One very important supporter for illegal immigrants attending institutions of higher education is the College Board. The College Board is made up of 5,000 schools and is best known for its SAT college admissions test. This past July, the board released a report citing a need for federal legislation that would provide in-state ollege tuition, financial aid, and legal status to many illegal immigrants in the United States (College). The report is the first time the College Board has spoken publicly about the issue. Undocumented immigrants should be given the right to attend public universities and colleges because we have a moral obligation to give them an equal opportunity to better their situation. Many of the undocumented immigrants that currently live in the United States were brought here by their parents. The children did not make the decision to enter the country illegally, their parents did. By not allowing illegal mmigrants to attend public universities, we are essentially punishing them for decisions they did not make. Also, undocumented immigrants are going to remain and live in the United States regardless of their ability to attend public universities. So if these undocumented immigrants are going to stay here, it makes sense economically to have them be productive as possible. The College Board report shows that with the ability for illegal immigrants to obtain a higher education and move into better paying Jobs, the economy would increase from increased tax revenue and consumer spending College). Additionally, if these undocumented immigrant students are paying for their college education, why not allow them the opportunity to further their knowledge. Under our current system, illegal immigrants are allowed to attend our public schools at no cost. But when these same illegal immigrants want to pay for a higher education, many of them are turned away because of their legal status. Plus, universities and colleges from all over the country already allow foreign exchange students to attend their universities. Here at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, pproximately 6 percent of the student body is from a foreign country (International). There is no controversy on whether or not to allow these students, who are not United States citizens, to attend our public universities. So if someone is willing to pay their way through college, they should be allowed to attend regardless of residency status. All of these reasons support the passage of the DREAM Act. As of today, it remains one of the last hopes for undocumented immigrants to obtain the right to attend public universities indefinitely. Although nine states have passed legislation allowing or in-state tuition for undocumented immigrants, states are increasingly moving towards not allowing them to attend public universities. Missouri and Virginia are currently considering a ban similar to South Carolina’s that would bar all illegal immigrants from attending public universities and colleges (College). So it is time now more than ever to stand up for undocumented immigrants’ rights. We have a public universities. One rebuttal often brought up in the discussion why illegal immigrants should not be allowed to attend public universities is they are breaking the law by being here in the United States. Although undocumented immigrants are breaking the law, it should not hold them back from furthering their education. Many illegal immigrants were brought here by their parents and did not make the decision to come here illegally. Illegal immigrants often spend close to their whole lives in the United States. Although they are still considered illegal in the eyes of the law, many are basically Americans because they have lived here for as long as they can remember. It is Just unfair to continue to punish someone for a decision they did not make. Another rebuttal often made against undocumented immigrants is the overnment is subsidizing an education for non-citizens because they do not pay taxes. The government already subsidizes an education from the high school level on down for everybody regardless of residency status. Also, many undocumented immigrants are unable to obtain residency status in the United States. The long, difficult process of obtaining American citizenship keeps many of these illegal immigrants from paying taxes. The current system we use for obtaining citizenship creates a continual cycle that does not allow for illegal immigrants to pay taxes. If it as easier for undocumented immigrants to obtain citizenship, more tax revenue would be brought in to subsidize their education. In conclusion, there are many factors to consider why illegal immigrants should be allowed to attend public universities. If they are paying their way through college like every other student, then they should be allowed to attend public universities. Plus, many of these undocumented immigrants are going to remain in the United States regardless of their ability to attend universities, so it makes sense to have them be productive as possible. It also does not make sense to punish someone because heir parents came into the United States illegally.

Collaborative Research Discussion Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Collaborative Discussion - Research Paper Example Focus topic 1: Creating a system Article 1: Hiring for the organization, not the job The article by Bowen, Ledford, and Nathan discusses a new hiring model that focuses on organizational fit and not on job fit. It explains the involved process in the new hiring model and its application in an organization, and projects a wide future application of the model. The article identifies concepts of workforce planning as a best practice to human resource management because the established hiring strategy employs analytical approaches that identifies organizational needs and develops an outline for finding a suitable employee. Consequently, it facilitates understanding of an organization’s context and a plan for effective creation of an effective human resource base (Bowen, Ledford and Nathan 37- 40; Harris 15). Focus topic 2: Maintaining a system Article 2: How to get supervisors to sell safety The article discusses approaches to empowering supervisors to ensure effective application of safety measures. Its scope promotes employees’ safety in their working environment and therefore contributes to maintenance of an effective and efficient human resource base (Johnson 1). ... The article therefore establishes a basis for enforcing organizational safety measures through employees’ adherence to safety standards and helps in maintaining a regular workforce (Johnson 1; Harris 19). Article 3: Reward and compensation systems The article identifies approaches to reward and compensation, constructs of the reward and compensation approaches and effects of the strategies. Based on â€Å"strategic compensation theory,† the article identifies personal efforts, group initiatives, human capital, a person’s level in an organizational structure, and market trends as some of the widely applied approaches to compensation and reward that motivates employees (Howard and Dougherty 43). The article’s features that relates to maintenance of human resource system are the bases of each reward strategy and the effects that the strategies have on employees. Established attachment between a reward and aspects of human resource such as efforts, unity, and employees’ value, for example, identifies a relationship between rewards and reward systems and sustaining achieved employee characteristics. Effects of the strategies that encourages features of a human resource system also ensures that a developed system maintains its output level, corporation, â€Å"skills and flexibility,† (43) and record minimal mobility rate (Howard and Dougherty 41- 49). Focus topic 3: Improving a system Article 4: Designing management and development for competitive advantage: Lessons from the best The article reviews effects of employee training and development on improving and sustaining organization’s ability to compete in their markets. Its application of benchmark organizations identifies success in training and development initiatives and therefore promotes the practices

Quiz 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Quiz 1 - Assignment Example He is also looking ahead and is avoiding the unwanted incase the Democrats retain control of the senate in November and the Republicans decide to compromise immigration. The foreign policy problems have caused atrophy in the foreign policy. This has affected the approval rating of Mr. Obama; this has been a concern for most of the Democrats in the final season of the campaign. The policies have made the president be perceived weak an issue likely to hurt his party’s electoral chances.(Hook, and Nelson, 2014) The senate has prepared a 100 day agenda plan should they take the senate; they are very likely to win. The key agenda is to authorize the long-delayed Keystone XL oil pipeline so as to boost the energy production. Other agendas are: approving fast track trade authority, repealing Obamacare’s unpopular tax on medical devices and effecting back new Environmental protection Agency regulations. There is a rift amongst Republicans; there are those thinking the GOP can rely on Obama’s lack of popularity in winning the senate and those thinking that the party would do better to push the positive agenda. (Riley, 2014) The republicans are intending to attract women voters at all cost. Rep. Cory Gardner announced his support for the over-the-counter women’s oral contraceptives. The policy is one of the party’s attempts to draw more female voters contrary to the past. The party was also the leading oppose of the Obamacare, something that a large number of women opposed, this gives them the support from the

Decline in the American middle class Research Paper

Decline in the American middle class - Research Paper Example They then define what we come to know as white collar jobs and blue collar jobs. These classifications show the diversity of this social stratum in a way that only emphasizes their vast contribution to the growth of the nation and what they fundamentally embody, the American people. The ruling class, many would argue, pertain to the country’s upper class that holds wealth and a monopoly of power. But rather than being antagonistic against this other class, most Americans aspire to be part of it by becoming rich. Contrary to the privileged few, a survey show that around 45% of Americans identify to being in the middle class. These people include highly educated professionals such as lawyers, doctors, engineers and managers. They are classified into living in the suburbs and partaking of other posh activities including country clubs. Similarly, another face of the middle class includes small business owners also called the ‘petit bourgeoisie’ among others. â€Å"Th us, in subjective terms, the middle class is the largest single class in American society, but in cultural terms, it is highly diverse because so many different lifestyles are represented within it† (Kornblum 275). There is no doubt that there really has been a drastic decline in the country’s middle class. ... This is down by 21% from the 1970 recorded 65% of families as middle income. To show the discrepancy, one-third of the families in the same area classified as affluent or within poverty increased from 15% in 1970. This study was conducted through a census involving 117 of the largest metropolitan areas throughout the United States. It is part of US2010 funded by Russell Sage and Brown University. What this implies, Stanford sociologist Sean Reardon explicates, is that the next generation will see the most effects. More children will have less access to better education and child care. In a sense, the affluent families will be isolated to their own class with less interaction coming from public amenities such as schools and transportation. This could perceptively affect future investments and public policies for the benefit of mostly the middle class population. The gap between the rich and the poor is also seen in test scores and consequently college education. More children from wel l to do families are able to complete college compared to low income earners (Tavernise, n.p.). The disparity in education is an easily apparent effect of the continued decline of the middle class. As the gap between income increases, more and more of those from the higher strata are able to afford the increasingly high cost of university education. The bulk of the middle class are in turn become unable to support sustained tertiary education in expensive private institutions. This then becomes a vicious cycle as those from lower income families often begin their career without college education. Education is universally known as a determinative factor in professional success. More

School Fundings Tragic Flaws Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School Fundings Tragic Flaws - Assignment Example The main message that the authors aim to reveal is the clear and distinct unequal allocation of funds for schools that are currently skewed towards higher income students rather than the neediest. The effect of the policies emerging from the three levels of government agencies is that educational funds that are supposed to be allocated equally tend to be distributed more to higher income pupils, highlighting disadvantaged educational benefits that are supposed to be equally received by students regardless of income level.The significance of the argument is seen in terms of the policies’ effect on teachers preferences for place of work High-poverty schools typically have less experienced teachers and high turnover rates, so the average teacher salary is much lower in those schools† (Casey and Rosa, 2008, 1). As shown, higher-poverty schools do not attract highly experienced teachers due to poor working conditions and the lower salary rates that come from the disparate all ocation of educational funding. In this regard, the pupils from high-poverty schools are exposed to teachers with lesser experiences and training and thereby, could compromise the level of instructions accorded to these students, when compared to lower-poverty schools that receive greater funding.One personally agrees with the author’s contention that there is a need to reevaluate and assess the disparities in educational funding accorded to school on a national level to justify allocation on an equal basis.

The Monk & The Riddle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Monk & The Riddle - Essay Example My viewpoint contradicts Komisar’s concepts that attribute losses or failures to have close relations to entrepreneurship. It is surprising that Komisar relates failure as justified in entrepreneurship while associating factors such as interest as sole motivators of innovation. Komisar’s adventure with the Monk through their trip up hill and back without paying for the services contradicts entrepreneurial primary and core goals (Kosimar 5). Komisar’s actions involve shifting of entrepreneurship focus from harnessing the motivation to make profits. Instead, Komisar advocates pursuit for passion, gaining experience and satisfaction as vital entrepreneurial goals. I believe an individual’s success in relation to entrepreneurship involves gaining and earning profit from initial capital investments. Similarly, it is surprising that Komisar recommends his own experience involving loss value in as a means of success in entrepreneurship. Based on my viewpoint, Komisar’s perception is surprising in relation to other entrepreneurial contexts because it involves accepting losses and lack of vision in developing an enterprise can cause failure. Lenny is a visionary character and ready to make bold decisions. I perceive Lenny as possessing boldness because of his willingness to interact and share his problems. He identified that Randy could assist him. Based on my viewpoint, Lenny’s character can allow him to take risks and, therefore, is a great entrepreneur. Randy expressed willingness to listen to Lenny for several reasons. First, Randy is passionate to assist individuals who are confident to take the most for their entrepreneurial roles. I perceive Randy as a proud character who believed he understood other people better than they did (Komisar 23). Risk takers such as Lenny are always willing to bet everything for their urge to set up entrepreneurial enterprises. Second, Randy expressed concern about the plight of

Healthcare ecosystems influences Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare ecosystems influences - Research Paper Example In addition, the $5 billion system has managed to unite scientists and physicians of this renowned hospital with various health facilities and professionals. As such, the quality of services provided by the institution has improved, and patients can be assured of prompt and up-to-date service delivery. Ideally, the success and growth of the hospital is embedded on the development of School of Medicine. Although competition has been felt across the medical sector, John Hopkins has always performed immensely due to the frequent research on the current trend of medical operations. John Hopkins Hospital mission statement provides a pictorial presentation of the activities undertaken by the organization. The mission of the organization is to improve the health of individuals in the society and to set the required standards that the world can emulate. As such, the success has been felt in clinical care, research, and education. Although this success has not been effectively achieved, the management is undertaking strategies that will enhance the attainment of its mission. Some of the strategies include educating medical students on the current trends in the medical field, providing medical seminars to health care professionals and scientists, conducting research on biomedical, and providing patient-centered medicine that prevents, diagnoses, and treats various ailments (Kushniruk, 2008). Indeed, the report provided by World Health Organization (WHO) highlighted the superiority of John Hopkins Hospital in disseminating its services in the community. The hospitalà ¢â‚¬â„¢s vision is to provide an inclusive and diverse environment that enhances intellectual creativity, discover, and transmission of innovative knowledge in the world. In improving the health of individuals, though adequate medical services and practitioners, John Hopkins Hospital thrives to achieve its vision. Medical leadership has been

Informed consent , ethics and research Assignment

Informed consent , ethics and research - Assignment Example It is clear from the examples that Cassell and Young use that Informed Consent is, as they say, â€Å"poorly adapted† to Health Services Research. (2002) The main reason for this is that most HSR involves the reshuffling of entire organizational structures, which is obviously something that one particular person cannot really opt out of if they dont like the way the trial is proceeding. This is different from clinical research, where the Helsinki Declaration requires that a patient can leave the trial at any time. Cassell and Young use the example of a midwifery practice in rural England, and point out that patients â€Å"will not be able to opt out of the intervention †¦ if it becomes the standard local model of care.† (2002) That is, they will have to keep using the modified version afterwards if the organization decides they will, since that is their only option. It is clear that some alternative method of consent that reflects the realities of Health Services Research should be pursued. J Cassell, & A Young. (2002). Why we should not seek individual informed consent for participation in health services research. Journal of Medical Ethics, 28(5), 313-7. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from ProQuest Medical Library. (Document ID:

Kraft Foods Board of Directors Essay Example for Free

Kraft Foods Board of Directors Essay Reviewï ¼Å¡ Kraft Foods Inc. is a global snacks powerhouse with an unrivaled portfolio of brands people love. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of Kraft Foods Group, Inc. will discharge the Board’s responsibilities relating to compensation for executives and independent directors. In fulfilling its responsibilities, the Committee will have full access to all of Kraft’s books, records, facilities and personnel. The Committee will also have the authority to conduct investigations and to retain independent counsel and advisers, as it determines necessary to carry out its duties and responsibilities, including sole authority to engage, retain, approve fees and other retention terms of, and terminate compensation consultants. - HP’s Board of Directors Name/Title| Current Board Membership| Ralph V. Whitworth, 57Independent Non-Executive Chairman| Sovereign Bank, Na (pennsylvania), Hewlett-packard Co.| Meg Cushing Whitman, 57President, Chief Executive Officer Director| Hewlett-packard Co., Zipcar, Inc., The Nature Conservancy, Inc., Teach For America, Inc., Zaarly, Inc., Procter Gamble Co.| Marc L. Andreessen, 41Independent Director| Tinyco, Inc., Zend Technologies, Inc., Glam Media, Inc., Kno, Inc., Ebay, Inc., Stanford Hospital Clinics, Hewlett-packard Co., Hewlett-packard Development Co. Lp, Facebook, Inc., Skype Sarl, Tidemark Systems, Inc.| Ann M. Livermore, 54Director| Hewlett-packard Co., United Parcel Service, Inc., Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital| Rajiv Lochan Gupta, 67Lead Independent Director| Hewlett-packard Co., Information Resources, Inc., Avantor Performance Materials, Inc., Stroz Friedberg Llc, The Vanguard Group, Inc., Delphi Automotive Llp, Affle Pte Ltd., Tyco International Ltd., The Conference Board, Inc., Delphi Automotive Plc| Shumeet Banerji, 53Independent Director| Hewlett-packard Co.| Gary M. Reiner, 58Independent Director| Hewlett-packard Co., Box, Inc., Norwalk Health Services Corp., Appirio, Inc., The Norwalk Hospital Association| Patricia F. Russo, 60Independent Director| Alcoa, Inc., General Motors Co., Kkr Management Llc, Kkr Co. Lp, Hewlett-packard Co., Merck Co., Inc., The Partnership For A Drug-free America, Inc.| Ray J. Lane, 66Lead Independent Director| Alertenterprise, Inc., Spikesource, Inc., Virsa Systems, Inc., Visible Path Corp., Xsigo Systems, Inc., Elance, Inc., Hewlett-packard Co., Special Olympics, Inc., Greatpoint Energy, Inc., Ausra, Inc., Quest Software, Inc., Kenandy, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, Enigma, Inc., Hara Software, Inc., West Virginia University, Luca Technologies, Inc., Think North America, Mevio, Inc.| Reviewï ¼Å¡ HP announced changes to its board of directors. Raymond J. Lane has decided to step down as chairman of the board, to be replaced on an interim basis by Ralph V. Whitworth. The board is commencing a search for a permanent nonexecutive board chairman. In addition, John H. Hammergren and G. Kennedy Thompson, after eight and seven years of service to HP stockholders, respectively, have decided to leave the board. Both directors will continue to serve until the May board meeting. The board is commencing a search for two or more new independent directors. This news release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. If such risks or uncertainties materialize or such assumptions prove incorrect, the results of HP and its consolidated subsidiaries could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements and assumptions. - Macy’s Board of Directors Name/Title| Current Board Membership| Terry J. Lundgren, 61Chairman, President Chief Executive Officer| Macys, Inc., National Retail Federation, Procter Gamble Co., The Partnership For New York City, Kraft Foods Group, Inc., Federal Reserve Bank Of New York| Steven F. Bollenbach, 70Independent Director| Time Warner, Inc., Ludwig Institute For Cancer Research Ltd., Los Angeles World Affairs Council, Mondelez International, Inc., Macys, Inc., Kb Home| Craig E. Weatherup, 67Independent Director| Macys, Inc., Starbucks Corp.| Sara L. Levinson, 62Independent Director| Macys, Inc., Harley-davidson, Inc., Cmi Marketing, Inc.| Joseph L. Neubauer, 71Independent Director| The Jewish Theological Seminary Of America, The Barnes Foundation, The University Of Chicago, Catalyst, Inc., Macys, Inc., Verizon Communications, Inc., Aramark Refreshment Services Llc, The Horatio Alger Association Of Distinguished Americans, Aramark Holdings Corp.| Paul C. Varga, 49Independent Director| Brown-forman Corp., Macys, Inc.| Marna Cupp Whittington , 65Independent Director| Macys, Inc., Oaktree Capital Group Llc, Phillips 66| Meyer Feldberg, 71Independent Director| New York City Ballet, Inc., Managed High Yield Plus Fund, Inc., Global High Income Fund, Inc., Macys, Inc., Revlon, Inc., Strategic Global Income Fund, Inc.| Deirdre P. Connelly, 52Independent Director| Pharmaceutical Research Manufacturers Of America, Macys, Inc., Human Genome Sciences, Inc.| Joyce M. Rochà ©, 66Independent Director| Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., Tupperware Brands Corp., Macys, Inc., Association Of Governing Boards Of Universities Colleges, Dillard University, Att, Inc.| Review: Managing a nation-wide retail business requires a team of committed, talented and experienced executives. Macy’s stores and direct-to-customer business compete with many retailing formats in the geographic areas in which they operate, including department stores, specialty stores, general merchandise stores, off-price and discount stores, new and established forms of home shopping (including the Internet, mail order catalogs and television) and manufacturers’ outlets, among others. In addition to competing with these other retailers for customers, Macy’s also must compete very aggressively for executive talent. These talented executives are accountable for the performance of the business units they manage and are compensated based on that performance.